Charged particle swarm optimization (CPSO) is well suited to the dynamic search problem since inter-particle repulsion maintains population diversity and good tracking can be achieved with a simple algorithm. This work extends the application of CPSO to the dynamic problem by considering a bi-modal parabolic environment of high spatial and temporal severity. Two types of charged swarms and an a...

The first results from Au-Au collisions at √ sNN =130 GeV obtained with the PHENIX detector in the Year 2000 run at RHIC are presented. The mid-rapidity charged particle multiplicity and transverse energy per participating nucleon rise steadily with the number of participants, such that ET /N ch remains relatively constant as a function of centrality. Identified charged hadron spectra as well a...

BACKGROUND Malignant tumours arising within the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are rare and composed of several histological types, rendering controlled clinical trials to establish the best treatment impractical. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the clinical outcomes of patients treated with charged particle therapy with those of individuals receiving photon th...

Charged particle multiplicities are studied in proton-proton collisions in the forward region at a centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 7 TeV with data collected by the LHCb detector. The forward spectrometer accesses a kinematic range of 2.0 < η < 4.8 in pseudorapidity, momenta greater than 2 GeV/c and transverse momenta greater than 0.2 GeV/c. The measurements are performed using events with at lea...

The Pd nucleus has been studied with the Mo(B, p2nγ) reaction at 43 MeV incident energy. γ−γ− t, γ−γ− charged particle coincidences and directional correlation ratios were measured using the γ spectrometer formed by four Compton suppressed HPGe detectors and a 4π charged-particle ancillary detector system. The struture of the bands was interpreted within the framework of the cranked shell model...

For a group of charged particles obeying quantum mechanics (QM) and interacting with an electromagnetic field, the charge, and current density in a pure state of the system are expressed in terms of the many-body wave function. Using these as sources, the microscopic Maxwell equations can be written down for any given pure state of a many-body system. By employing semi-classical radiation theor...

We present the results of the analysis of the hard photon production in the 129 Xe+ nat Sn at 50A MeV system studied in the GANIL E300 experiment. The energy and angular hard photon distributions confirm the existence of a thermal component which follows the recently measured thermal bremsstrahlung systematics. Exploiting the performances of our complete detection system, consisting of TAPS and...

Ray optics and phase ellipse Optics are developed as tools for designing charged particle beam guidance systems. Specific examples of basic optical systems and of phase ellipse matching are presented as illustrations of these mathematical techniques. Presented at the Conference on Charged Particle Optics Giessen, West Germany September 8-12, 1980 also submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Method...

BACKGROUND Surfactant-containing water sprays are commonly used in coal mines to collect dust. This study investigates the dust collection performance of different surfactant types for a range of coal dust particle sizes and charges. METHODS Bituminous coal dust aerosol was generated in a wind tunnel. The charge of the aerosol was either left unaltered, charge-neutralized with a neutralizer, ...