The psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL), a new, brief, self-report instrument, were determined on a population of 40 motor vehicle accident victims and sexual assault victims using diagnoses and scores from the CAPS (Clinician Administered PTSD Scale) as the criteria. For the PCL as a whole, the correlation with the CAPS was 0.929 and diagnostic efficiency was 0.900 versus CAPS....

Inferring causality is necessary to achieve the goal of epidemiology, which is to elucidate the cause of disease. Causal inference is conducted in three steps: evaluation of validity of the study, inference of general causality, and inference of individual causality. To evaluate validity of the study, we propose a checklist that focuses on biases and generalizability. For general causal inferen...

background: the number of valid of pathogen and non-pathogen species of entamoeba has continuously increased in human and animals. this review is per-formed to provide an update list and some summarized information on entamoeba species, which were identified up to the 2014. methods: we evaluated the entamoeba genus with a broad systematic review of the literature, books and electronic databases...

A 3 copies of the manuscript A please indicate the corresponding author's details on the manuscript (tel/fax/e-mail) A 3 sets of figures A electronic version of the manuscript (Label the floppy disk with the type of computer and word processing package used, your name and the name of the file on the disk.) A electronic version of the figures For Review Papers: A 3 copies of the manuscript A ple...

Personality factors, as normally studied, are sources of variation that are stable over time and that derive from underlying properties of an individual more than current changes in their environment. They account for behavioural differences between individuals presented with identical environments that show consistent patterns within that individual across time. As such, an ultimate goal of pe...

INTRODUCTION Acute liver failure (ALF) is an ideal condition for use of a checklist. Our aims were to develop a checklist for the management of ALF in the intensive care unit (ICU) and assess the usability of the checklist among multiple providers. METHODS The initial checklist was developed from published guidelines and expert opinion. The checklist underwent pilot testing at 11 academic liv...