OBJECTIVES Chemoprophylaxis with single dose rifampicin is a promising intervention to prevent leprosy in close contacts of patients. However, application in control programmes often requires disclosure of the leprosy diagnosis, which is still a stigmatised disease in many countries. Promoting control and treatment of stigmatised diseases without contributing towards stigma of the individuals i...

BACKGROUND Patients undergoing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist therapy are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reactivation. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum available screening strategy for identifying patients for tuberculosis (TB) chemoprophylaxis. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study of consecutive adults with chronic rhe...

BACKGROUND QuantiFERON®-TB Gold in-Tube (QFT) assay is a recently developed test to assess latent tuberculosis infection in contagious tuberculosis (TB) contact subjects. To assess the QFT assay in recently exposed contacts of active tuberculosis patients in a French area with low TB incidence but high Bacille Calmette-Guerin coverage, and evaluate progression rates to TB disease. METHODOLOGY...

We read with interest the letter by Provenzano et al on TB screening and antiTNFa treatment and wish to comment on this highly topical subject. Latent TB infection (LTBI) was diagnosed in 24.6% of the 69 rheumatological patients undergoing evaluation for anti-TNFa treatment (n = 17), six of whom received antiTNFa treatment and TB chemoprophylaxis. The ethnicity and place of birth was not given,...

Mefloquine has been licensed and registered in Japan for chemoprophylaxis against malaria since 2001. Guidelines for the prevention of malaria for Japanese overseas travelers were published by a group of malaria specialists under the auspices of the Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, but not until March 2005. We implemented these guidelines in o...

Plasmodium malariae is widely distributed across the tropics, causing symptomatic malaria in humans with a 72-hour fever periodicity, and may present after latency periods lasting up to many decades. Delayed occurrence of symptoms is observed in humans using chemoprophylaxis, or patients having received therapies targeting P. falciparum intraerythrocytic asexual stages, but few investigators ha...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to stratify plastic surgery patients into venous thromboembolism risk categories; identify patients at highest risk for venous thromboembolism; and quantify rates of postoperative all-cause mortality, venous thromboembolism, and hematoma/bleeding on different forms of thromboprophylaxis. Furthermore, this study aimed to determine the compliance and avera...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), in which HIV uninfected persons with ongoing HIV risk use oral antiretroviral medications as chemoprophylaxis against sexual HIV acquisition, is a promising new HIV prevention strategy. RECENT FINDINGS During the past 2 years, proof-of-concept that PrEP protects against sexual HIV acquisition has been demonstrated in three clinical trials, con...

A group of experiments is presented in which inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis in experimental animals has been achieved by administration of 1 of a variety of chemical com pounds. The inhibitory compounds can be divided into 4 groups. The 1st group is composed of compounds which induce an in creased activity of carcinogen-detoxifying systems; the 2nd, compounds with similar structures to c...

Osteoarticular tuberculosis (OAT) is defined as the set of pathological manifestations secondary to damage bone and joint structures musculoskeletal system by Kochs bacillus (BK). These lesions can lead in long term very important functional sequelae due hip. The total hip replacement (THR), restoring mobility indolence, will transform life these patients. objectif this study evaluate usefulnes...