OBJECTIVE Because of risks from deploying airbags to children in front seats, extensive publicity has been aimed at getting them restrained and in rear seats. The objective of this study was to assess restraint use and seating positions among children in vehicles with and without airbags. METHOD Surveys were conducted in cities in Michigan, North Carolina, and Texas 1998. Restraint use and se...

OBJECTIVE Belt-positioning booster seats have been shown to reduce injury risk among child passengers aged 4 to 8 in motor vehicle crashes. To encourage the use of booster seats, many states have enacted laws that require the use of either a child restraint with internal harness or a belt-positioning booster seat, but the specific age range covered by the laws varies by state. Previous studies ...

During recent years the use of child restraints in cars in Sweden has rapidly increased. The fact that the different restraint systems prevent injuries has been substantiated, as is shown in this paper. The major emphasis is put on the benefits of using rearward-facing child seats for children 0 to 4 years of age. Attitudes concerning child safety in cars and the misuse problem are also discuss...

Road traffic accidents are a leading cause of death of children. It is the law that all children should be appropriately secured when traveling in vehicles. The aim of this study was to evaluate parental conformity with these regulations and to test if advice given at a Paediatric outpatient clinic could improve compliance. Two groups were assigned, an intervention group (parents given an infor...

Child Restraint Systems (CRS) help protect children in cars should an accident occur, but they can also lead to injuries. Such injuries can be the consequence of what is called submarining. Submarining consists in a complex motion where the seat belt can load the abdomen and hence cause injuries. CRS are tested using dynamic sled tests during which a sled with a crash test dummy is accelerated ...

Rice and Anderson’s matched cohort study assesses the effect of seat belt and booster seat use on fatality risk among 0–3 year olds using Fatal Accident Reporting System data. We are concerned that their implementation of the method extrapolates far beyond available data, to the point of making comparisons among adults and young children that are not meaningful. The authors use conditional Pois...

Abstract Background Physical and mechanical restraints used in treatment, care, education, corrections programs for children are high-risk interventions primarily due to their adverse physical, emotional, fatal consequences. Objective This study explores the conditions circumstances of restraint-related fatalities United States by asking (1) Who that died physical restraint? (2) How did they di...