Abstract Here we provide the first chironomid record and associated summer air-temperature (T VII ) reconstruction between ca. 16,800–9100 cal yr BP from Lake Saint Anne (SZA), situated in Eastern Carpathians. SZA was formed by youngest volcanic eruption of Ciomadul volcano at 29,600 BP. Our main goals this study are to test whether warming after Heinrich event 1 (H1; 16,200 BP) had similar amp...

butterflies of the inani reserve forest were studied between may 2014 and may 2015. one hundred twenty five species of butterflies belonging to 84 genera and six families (hesperiidae, papilionidae, pieridae, lycaenidae, riodinidae and nymphalidae) were recorded during this study. the highest number of species comprised family nymphalidae (38 species, 30.4%) followed by lycaenidae (35 species, ...

soil productivity and plant growth are usually affected by biological activities of earthworms. the objective of this study was a comparative evaluation of earthworm abundances in 20-year-old plantations of alder, oak, maple and cypress with the adjacent natural mixed broad-leaved deciduous forest in the caspian region of iran. in this research one sample plot, each 1 ha; was selected in every ...