Dynamic liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with ion-pair liquid chromatography (IP-LC) and photodiode array detection was developed and used for the extraction and analysis of chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids (CPAs) and chlorophenols (CPs) from water samples. An organic extraction solvent mixture was chosen to simultaneously and effectively extract both CPAs and CPs from aqueous sample...

12 Combustion runs at 700 oC in a horizontal laboratory furnace were carried out on two 13 different electric wires (PVC and halogen-free wire). Tests were performed in the 14 presence and in the absence of the metal conductor of the wires. The analyses of the 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorobenzenes (CBzs), chlorophenols 16 (CPhs), monoto octa-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and diben...

The chronic exposure of large segments of the population to disinfected drinking water has necessitated an evaluation of the health effects of the by-products of the chlorination process. This paper reviews the available information concerning the reproductive consequences associated with exposure to disinfection by-products. Four groups of compounds are discussed: the trihalomethanes, in parti...

Partially-puri®ed extracellular laccase of Coriolus versicolor transformed chlorophenols in the following order: 2,4,6trichlorophenol > 2,6-dichlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-chlorophenol > 2,3-dichlorophenol. On the other hand, 3and 4chlorophenols, 2,5-, 3,4and 3,5-dichlorophenols, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were recalcitrant to the laccase. Sinapinic acid, a naturally-occ...

Chlorinated hydroquinones of biological origin are fully dechlorinated to 1,4-dihydroquinone by anaerobic bacteria such as Desulfitobacterium spp. (C. E. Milliken, G. P. Meier, J. E. M. Watts, K. R. Sowers, and H. D. May, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:385-392, 2004). In the present study, mixed microbial communities from Baltimore Harbor sediment and a pure culture of Desulfitobacterium sp. stra...

as soon as it appeared that the extremely stable PCB's became a threat to the environment and its wildlife, and accidents occurred of acute poisoning in man and animals. These studies have been made with material with different contents of chlorine, from different manufacture, and-as we can now say in retrospect-with different and unknown contents of toxic impurities. For this reason the toxico...

A water soluble azo dye modified β-cyclodextrin polymer 4 was synthesized and used as a chemosensor for the detection of chlorinated phenols, model chlorinated by-products (CBPs) of water treatment for drinking purposes. The characterization of the intermediates and the azo dye modified β-CD polymer was done by UV/Vis Spectrophotometry, FT-IR and (1)H-NMR spectroscopies. The chlorophenols were ...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is one of the most toxic compounds known. TCDD and other chlorinated dibenzodioxins have been associated with occupational chloracne in workers engaged in the manufacture of technical chlorophenols and their derivatives such as the herbicide 2,4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (1), in lethal liver necrosis in rabbits (2), and in the chick edem...

A collective view of the degradation of monochlorocatechols in fungi is yet to be attained, though these compounds are recognised as key degradation intermediates of numerous chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, including monochlorophenols. In the present contribution we have analysed the degradation pathways of monochlorophenols in Aspergillus nidulans using essentially metabolomics. Degradation...

Douglas Jay Klein and other researchers have seen that there is a great potential in applying partial order in the field of QSAR. The basic idea is to deduce from order relations among chemicals, properties of the ordered chemicals. Despite the satisfactory results found by Klein’s methods, we think it is worth exploring another feature of the poset of chemicals used in Klein’s approaches, name...