BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly leucine, act as nutrient signals regulating protein synthesis and degradation as well as glucose metabolism. In addition, leucine has been demonstrated in animal experiments to modulate eating and energy homeostasis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the effects of physiologic and supraphysiologic loads of intraduodenal leucine on e...

Previous reports suggest that glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), a peptide secreted from the distal small intestine, is an endocrine satiation signal. Nevertheless, there are conflicting reports regarding the site where circulating GLP-1 acts to reduce food intake. To test the hypothesis that vagal afferents are necessary for reduction of food intake by circulating GLP-1, we measured intake of 15% ...

Accepted for publication 30 April 1990 Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the role of cholecystokinin in pancreatic enzyme secretion stimulated by bombesin and a meal by (a) comparing the pancreatic enzyme output during bombesin infusion and after a meal to output during caerulein infusion and (b) comparing the inhibitory effect of the cholecystokinin-receptor antagonist lorglumide...

BACKGROUND Cholestyramine enhances gallbladder emptying and plasma cholecystokinin responses to oral ingestion of a mixed meal. It is not known whether this effect occurs independently of alterations in gastric emptying or maldigestion of nutrients. METHODS We perfused 15 g of an amino acid meal intraduodenally for 60 min in seven healthy volunteers, once with and once without cholestyramine....

Receptor-mediated endocytosis has been observed after agonist occupation of several G protein-coupled receptors, which contributes to the desensitization response to agonist stimulation; however, the cellular signals required to initiate this process are unclear. In this study, we developed and characterized a new antagonist analogue of cholecystokinin (D-Tyr-Gly-[(Nle28,31,D-Trp30)cholecystoki...

OBJECTIVES Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leads to misfolded proteins inside the ER and initiates unfolded protein response (UPR). Unfolded protein response components are involved in pancreatic function and activated during pancreatitis. However, the exact role of ER stress in the exocrine pancreas is unclear. The present study examined the effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER cha...

This study was designed to investigate the effect of cholestyramine on the formation of pigment gallstones in high carbohydrate diet-fed hamsters and whether that effect occurred because of cholecystokinin action. Forty seven hamsters were divided into three groups: group I(n = 16) was fed on normal rodent chow(43% carbohydrate), group II(n = 14) was fed on a high CHO diet(65% carbohydrate), gr...