Choline is essential for synthesis of the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. Moreover, it serves as a precursor for synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Keratinocytes of the epidermis synthesize and release ACh. The uptake of choline is the rate-limiting step in both ACh synthesis and choline phospholipid metabolism, and it is a prerequisite for keratinocyte prol...

The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effects of the administration of choline on the in vivo release and biosynthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain. For this purpose, the changes in the extracellular concentration of choline and ACh in the rat striatum following intracerebroventricular administration of choline were determined using brain microdialysis. We also determined ch...

The effect of semicarbazide on the oxidation of choline by rat liver mitochondria was studied. Semicarbazide was used to prevent both further oxidation of betainealdehyde and product inhibition of choline dehydrogenase by the aldehyde. NAD did not stimulate choline-based respiration when semicarbazide was present to prevent the oxidation of enzymatically formed betainealdehyde. In contrast, NAD...

Introduction: Neoplastic processes are known to exhibit increased total choline (tCho) peak at H-MRS [1] together with increased transcription of genes encoding for transmembrane choline transporters and choline kinases [2, 3]. Authors have highlighted that choline kinase activity was unregulated contrarily to downward phosphocholine cytidyl transferase which may constitute a block allowing upw...

Choline is needed for the maintenance of the structural integrity and signaling functions of cell membranes, for neurotransmission, and for transport of lipids and as a source of methyl groups. Choline can be made de novo in the body, but some individuals must also obtain choline in the diet to prevent deficiency symptoms. A number of environmental and genetic factors influence dietary requirem...

Choline is an essential nutrient that, via its metabolite betaine, serves as a donor of methyl groups used in fetal development to establish the epigenetic DNA and histone methylation patterns. Supplementation with choline during embryonic days (E) 11-17 in rats improves memory performance in adulthood and protects against age-related memory decline, whereas choline deficiency impairs certain c...

When sycamore cells were suspended in basal medium containing choline, the latter was taken up by the cells very rapidly. A facilitated diffusion system appertained at low concentrations of choline and exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics. At higher choline concentrations simple diffusion appeared to be the principal mode of uptake. Addition of choline to the perfusate of compressed sycamore cel...

Choline is an important component of the human diet and is required for the endogenous synthesis of choline-containing phospholipids, acetylcholine and betaine. Choline can also be synthesised de novo by the sequential methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. Vitamins B6, B12 and folate can enhance methylation capacity and therefore could influence choline availability no...

This study investigated whether dietary choline can prevent endotoxin shock. Female Sprague-Dawley rats fed chow or chow plus choline chloride (0.025-0.4%) for 3 days were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via the tail vein. Eighty-three percent and 56% of chow-fed rats survived after 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg LPS, respectively. Choline increased survival in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal effects ob...

Choline, a quaternary amine obtained largely from the diet but also synthesized in the brain and, especially, liver, is an essential precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and of the major membrane constituent phosphatidylcholine (PC). Plasma choline concentrations can vary over a fivefold range depending on the choline contents of the foods being digested. Since choline readily ...