introduction: kisspeptin-13 (kp-13) is a novel endogenous factor, increases synaptic transmission and is involved in several behavioral functions such as anxiety, locomotion, epilepsy and avoidance learning. however, the role of this peptide on cognition has not been well clarified yet. here we studied the effect of kisspeptin-13 pretreatment on spatial learning and also interaction with cholin...

In most species, interval timing is time-scale invariant: errors in time estimation scale up linearly with the estimated duration. In mammals, time-scale invariance is ubiquitous over behavioral, lesion, and pharmacological manipulations. For example, dopaminergic drugs induce an immediate, whereas cholinergic drugs induce a gradual, scalar change in timing. Behavioral theories posit that time-...

Alertness is a non-selective attention component that refers to a state of general readiness which improves stimulus processing and response initiation. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify neural correlates of visual and auditory alertness. A further aim was to investigate the modulatory effects of the cholinergic agonist nicotine. Nonsmoking participants were given...

Galantamine is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterases and an allosteric modulator of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which restores reduced cholinergic tone in the central and peripheral nervous system. Characterized in the early 1950s in Bulgaria, it saw limited use for paralytic and neuropathic conditions until the cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease opened totally new...