Intact cholinergic innervation of visual cortex is critical for normal processing of visual information and for spatial memory acquisition and retention. However, a complete description of the mechanisms by which the cholinergic system modifies synaptic function in visual cortex is lacking. Previously it was shown that activation of the m1 subtype of muscarinic receptor induces an activity-depe...

A clonal rat sympathetic nerve cell line, PC12, binds iodinated cY-bungarotoxin. The binding is saturable and is inhibited by a variety of cholinergic agonists and antagonists. The pseudo-first order rate constant for binding is 2.1 x lo” Mm1 s-l at 22”. In contrast to the cu-bungarotoxin binding reaction found with muscle, the binding to PC12 is reversible with a first order rate constant of 4...

BACKGROUND Propofol is the anesthetic of choice for patients with reactive airway disease and is thought to reduce intubation- or irritant-induced bronchoconstriction by decreasing the cholinergic component of vagal nerve activation. However, additional neurotransmitters, including neurokinins, play a role in irritant-induced bronchoconstriction. We questioned the mechanistic assumption that th...

Cholinergic innervation of the cerebrovasculature is known to regulate vascular tone, perfusion rate and permeability of the microvascular wall. Notably the cholinergic innervation of cerebral capillaries is of interest since these capillaries form the blood-brain barrier. Although there is a general consensus as to the presence of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors in the domain of the capilla...

Rats learned to lever-press for microinjections of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (30-500 pmol per infusion) or the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine (7.5-75 pmol per infusion) into the posterior ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain. Intracranial carbachol self-administration was site-specific. Carbachol was not reliably self-administered into a site just dorsal to the VTA or i...

A clonal rat sympathetic nerve cell line, PC12, binds iodinated alpha-bungarotoxin. The binding is saturable and is inhibited by a variety of cholinergic agonists and antagonists. The pseudo-first order rate constant for binding is 2.1 x 10(5) M-1 S-1 at 22 degrees. In contrast to the alpha-bungarotoxin binding reaction found with muscle, the binding to PC12 is reversible with a first order rat...

Central command is a feedforward neural mechanism that evokes parallel modifications of motor and cardiovascular function during arousal and exercise. The neural circuitry involved has not been elucidated. We have identified a cholinergic neural circuit that, when activated, mimics effects on tonic and reflex control of circulation similar to those evoked at the onset of and during exercise. Ce...

19 We examined blood flow in the submandibular gland (SMGBF) and sublingual gland 20 (SLGBF) during electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the lingual nerve (LN) in the 21 urethane-anesthetized rats using a laser speckle imaging flow meter. LN stimulation elicited 22 intensityand frequency-dependent SMGBF and SLGBF increases, and the magnitude of the 23 SMGBF increase was higher than ...

Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death worldwide. While survival rates following sudden cardiac arrest remain relatively low, recent advancements in patient care have begun to increase the proportion of individuals who survive cardiac arrest. However, many of these individuals subsequently develop physiological and psychiatric conditions that likely result from ongoing neuroinflammation and...

There are seven different serotypes of botulinum toxin available for study. Each serotype binds to receptor proteins at cholinergic terminals, although there may be different receptor proteins for different serotypes, and each produces a blockade of cholinergic neurotransmission in striated muscle (Martin, 1997; Schiavo et al., 1992; Blasi et al., 1993). The toxins also affect gamma motor neuro...