Background: This study has used biomarker of exposure-effect continuum to examine the biological characteristics of organophosphate (OP) toxicity and its genotoxic effect among rice farmers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 pesticide exposed rice farmers and 160 adults from the fishing village as the unexposed group. They share the common socio-economical ...

It has been suggested that toxicity to cocaine is related to the relative rate of cocaine metabolism by cholinesterases and to activation of cholinergic receptors either directly or by reflex mechanisms. We examined these possibilities by altering cholinesterase activity and blocking cholinergic receptors in rats prone or resistant to cocaine-induced cardiovascular toxicity. Rats were instrumen...

Dementia associated with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common types of dementia. Patients with AD often have cholinergic deficits in association with the disease. The cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil hydrochloride, galantamine hydrobromide, and rivastigmine tartrate are the current mainstays of symptomatic treatment for patients with AD. In clinical trials for all thre...

The procedure of Dietz et al. (Clin. Chem. 19: 1309-1313, 1973) for plasma cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) gives a background absorbance of 1.4 A when extended to erythrocyte cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) measurement, because the peak absorbance of the reaction product, 5-thionitrobenzoate, coincides with the hemoglobin Soret band at 410 nm. Consequently, the precision of erythrocyte cholinesterase m...

CONTEXT Cholinesterase inhibitors are the primary treatment for the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD). Cholinergic dysfunction is also associated with neuropsychiatric and functional deficits, but results from randomized controlled trials of cholinesterase inhibitors are conflicting. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the efficacy of cholinestera...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to use a signal detection method to examine the prevalence of, and patient characteristics associated with, medication with potential to impair cognition and cholinesterase inhibitor use in patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of 1,954 patients with a diagnosis of probable or possible Alzheimer's disease. Concurr...

BACKGROUND We performed a meta-analysis of cholinesterase inhibitors for patients with Lewy body disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. METHODS The meta-analysis included only randomized controlled trials of cholinesterase inhibitors for Lewy body disorders. RESULTS Seventeen studies (n = 1798) were assessed. Cholinesterase inhib...

BACKGROUND Several thiocholine alkanoyl esters were newly synthesized and explored as substrates for the assay of human serum cholinesterase after being subjected to the Ellman reaction (Arch Biochem Biophys 1958;74:443-50 and Arch Biochem Biophys 1959;82:70-7). METHODS We synthesized thiocholine ester iodides by the method of Renshow et al. (J Am Chem Soc 1938;60:1765-70). We examined solubi...

Background: Human serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) hydrolyzes organophosphate (OP) compounds and so significantly alters an individual’s susceptibility to the toxicity of these chemicals. The study was designed to assess the serum PON1 activity in a series of patients with OP poisoning. Methods: Suspected OP poisoning patients presented within 6 hours of...