We review and elaborate on some aspects of the quantization of certain classes of higher abelian gauge theories using techniques of generalized differential cohomology. Particular emphasis is placed on the examples of generalized Maxwell theory and Cheeger–Simons cohomology, and of Ramond–Ramond fields in Type II superstring theory and differential K-theory.

We derive the four dimensional N = 1/2 super Yang-Mills theory from tree-level computations in RNS open string theory with insertions of closed string Ramond-Ramond vertices. We also study instanton configurations in this gauge theory and their ADHM moduli space, using systems of D3 and D(–1) branes in a R-R background.

A superstring action is quantised with Neveu Schwarz(NS) and Ramond(R) boundary conditions. The zero mass states of the NS sector are classified as the vector gluons, W-mesons, Bμ-mesons and scalars containing Higgs. The fifteen zero mass fermions are obtained from the Ramond sector. A space time supersymmetric Hamiltonian of the Standard Model is presented without any conventional SUSY particles.

Chrysanthemum indicum flower is a traditional Chinese medicine with strong aroma and many previous studies focused on its essential oil. GC/MS and HPLC were used to determine its volatiles, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides. Sixty three volatiles were detected and the abundant volatiles included 2,6,6trimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-4-ol, 2-(2,4-hexadiynylidene)-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene,...

The flower of Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat. (CM) is a useful food and folk medicine in China. Effects of Chrysanthemum Morifolium extracting (CME) conditions, including extraction temperature, extraction time and the ratio of flower to water on infusion quality were investigated. The extractability, liquor color differences and the major flavonoids of luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside and luteoli...

Plant vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) antiporter genes play significant roles in salt tolerance. However, the roles of the chrysanthemum vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) antiporter genes in salt stress response remain obscure. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene DgNHX1 from chrysanthemum. The DgNHX1 sequence contained 1920 bp with a complete open reading frame of 153...

Development, survivorship, longevity, reproduction, and life table parameters of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), were examined in the laboratory using three host plants, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Chrysanthemum morifolium L., and euonymus (Euonymus japonica Thurb.). Females deposited similar-sized egg masses on all three plants. Hatching was highest with...

Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum×morifolium Ramat.) are an important cut-flower and potted plant crop in the horticultural industry world wide. Chrysanthemums express the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) gene and thus accumulate anthocyanins derived from cyanidin in their inflorescences which appear pink/red. Delphinidin-based anthocyanins are lacking due to the deficiency of a flavonoid 3', 5'-hyd...

Influences of irrigation frequency on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum grown under restricted root volume were tested. Chrysanthemum cuttings (Chrysanthemum morifolium "Reagan White") were grown in seedling tray which contained coconut peat in volumes of 73 and 140 cm(3). Plants were irrigated with drip irrigation at irrigation frequencies of 4 (266 mL), 6 (400 mL), and 8 (533 mL) time...

Puccinia horiana Hennings, the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust, is a worldwide quarantine organism and one of the most important fungal pathogens of Chrysanthemum × morifolium cultivars, which are used for cut flowers and as potted plants in commercial production regions of the world. It was previously reported to be controlled by Lecanicillium lecanii, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, C. ...