Formation of sterically hindered C−C double bonds via catalytic olefin metathesis is considered a very challenging task for Ru catalysts. This limitation led to the development specialised catalysts bearing reduced N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands that are active in such transformations, yet significantly less stable as compared general purpose To decrease small-size NHC susceptibility deco...

Efficient and safe induction of CD8+ T cell responses is a desired characteristic of vaccines against intracellular pathogens. To achieve this, a new generation of safe vaccines is being developed accommodating single, dominant antigens of pathogens of interest. In particular, the selection of such antigens is challenging, since due to HLA polymorphism the ligand specificities and immunodominan...

Cognitive abnormalities have been extensively studied in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the cognitive involvement in patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS). Objective This study aimed to investigate cognitive impairment in patients with CIS compared with healthy subjects. Methods 18 CIS patients and 18 controls were subjected to the Wechsler memory scale, ...

Many important strategic applications require access to and integration of disparate information resources. We refer to this category of information systems as Composite Information Systems (CIS). Issues involved in developing a CIS are categorized and exemplified to reveal the deficiencies of current practice. A methodology which incorporates Data Base Management Systems and Artificial Intelli...

A computer information system is one of the main constructs through which a business firm gains a competitive edge over its competitors. Unfortunately, after four decades of effort by computer scientists and management specialists, ideal methodologies of CIS development are still lacking. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of CIS development methodologies, trace thei...

Expression of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US3 gene is regulated in part by transcriptional repression mediated through a cis-repressive region located between the TATA box and the transcriptional start site. The US3 cis-repressive element has extensive sequence identity with a similar repressive element in UL122-123 (the major immediate-early gene complex). Repression of UL122-123 is media...

trans-fatty acids (tfa) are known as a risk factor for coronary artery diseases. trans-11 vaccenic acid [va; 18:1(n-9)], known as the major trans fatty acid in milk fat, is a positional and geometric isomer of oleic acid and a precursor of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) in human . this study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of cis and trans vaccenic acids on expression of intr...

There exist two SMN (survival motor neuron) genes in humans, the result of a 500 kb duplication in chromosome 5q13. Deletions/mutations in the SMN1 gene are responsible for childhood spinal muscular atrophy, an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. While the SMN1 and SMN2 genes are not functionally equivalent, up-regulation of the SMN2 gene represents an important therapeutic target. ...

Recent structural and biochemical investigations have come together to allow a better understanding of the mechanism of chaperonin (GroEL, Hsp60)-mediated protein folding, the final step in the accurate expression of genetic information. Major, asymmetric conformational changes in the GroEL double toroid accompany binding of ATP and the cochaperonin GroES. When a nonnative polypeptide, bound to...

The flexible ditopic ligand 3,3'-bipyridine (3,3'-bpy) has been reacted with a series of transition metal species (Ag(+), Hg(2+), cis-a(2)M(2+) (a = NH(3) or a(2) = en; M = Pt, Pd), trans-a(2)Pt(2+) (a = NH(3))) in an attempt to produce discrete cyclic constructs. While Ag(+) gave a polymeric structure {[Ag(3,3'-bpy)](ClO(4)) . H(2)O}(n) (1), with all other metal entities cyclic structures were...