8-Chloroadenosine (8-Cl-Ado) is a ribosyl nucleoside analog currently in phase I testing for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). 8-Cl-Ado activity is dependent on adenosine kinase and requires intracellular accumulation of 8-Cl-Ado as mono-, di-, and tri-phosphates. In the current study with four mantle cell lymphoma cell lines, we report a new major metabolic pathway for 8-Cl-...

Infant rat ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are widely believed to result from the induction of an emotional state of anxiety or distress. This perspective, however, is not easily reconciled with the demonstration by W. J. Farrell and J. R. Alberts 2000 that norepinephrine, a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor agonist with anxiogenic properties, inhibits production of USVs. Here, Farrell and Alberts...

delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction measured by skin testing is an important indicator for evaluation of cellular immune response in leishmaniasis. skin testing in leishmaniasis, known as leishmanin or montenegro test, is used normally for immunoepidemiological studies and for diagnosis. in cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), the skin test is positive during the active phase of disease and r...

The NiN 4 –Cl SAs/N–C electrocatalyst consisting of active sites with axial Ni–Cl coordination was synthesized. Cl-coordination modulates the electronic configuration Ni–N and enhances interaction Ni–H efficiently.

background: greater palatine canal is used for maxillary nerve block. this procedure has somecomplications such as proptosis, blindness, and intravascular injection. this study aimed to determinethe mean greater palatine canal length (cl) and its typical anatomic routes, as well as provide areliable facial index for computing the cl by using cone beam computed tomography (cbct) data. materials ...

cutaneous leishmaniasis(cl) is referred to a group of diseases because of the varied clinical presentation, ranging from small cutaneous nodule to wide spread mucosal destruction. the nose is rarely involved by cl in even in endemic region. in this report we describe a rare rhinophymatous presentation of cl from a non-endemic region which was diagnosed by fine needle sampling and treated with m...