Sustained research efforts over the last 50 years have revealed a considerable amount of information about immunity to taeniid cestode infections in the parasites' intermediate hosts. As a product of this research, a series of effective recombinant vaccines have been developed which have no parallel in any other group of parasitic organisms. There are, however, many important aspects relating t...

Increasing desires from both consumers and producers to understand better which nutritive components are present in our food and how these are influenced by industrial processing strategies is resulting in extra research involving the use of state-of-the-art technologies to generate novel biochemical information. In this review, attention has been focused on tomato as this is a product eaten ri...

Unmanned systems in military applications will often play a role in determining the success or failure of combat missions and thus in determining who lives and dies in times of war. Designers of UMS must therefore consider ethical, as well as operational, requirements and limits when developing UMS. I group the ethical issues involved in UMS design under two broad headings, Building Safe System...

The galaxiid fishes exhibit a gondwanan distribution. We use mitochondrial DNA sequences to test conflicting vicariant and dispersal biogeographic hypotheses regarding the Southern Hemisphere range of this freshwater group. Although phylogenetic resolution of cytochrome b and 16S rRNA sequences is largely limited to more recent divergences, our data indicate that the radiation can be interprete...

Host manipulation is a common strategy by which parasites alter the behaviour of their host to enhance their own fitness. In nature, hosts are usually infected by multiple parasites. This can result in a conflict over host manipulation. Studies of such a conflict in experimentally infected hosts are rare. The cestode Schistocephalus solidus (S) and the nematode Camallanus lacustris (C) use cope...

In principle, the formation of the 3 end of a eukaryotic mRNA is a simple process. At a minimum, it involves the hydrolysis of a single phosphodiester bond in the nascent transcript. For one unique class of mRNAs, transcripts of the metazoan replication-dependent histone genes, this is indeed the only requirement. All other eukaryotic mRNAs require both cleavage and subsequent poly(A) addition ...