Moments of absorbing Markov chain are considered. First moments and non-mixed second moments are determined in classical textbooks such as the book of J. Kemeny and J. Snell “Finite Markov Chains”. The reason is that the first moments and the non-mixed second moments can be easily expressed in a matrix form. Since the representation of mixed moments of higher orders in a matrix form is not stra...

For positive integers n and l, we study the cyclic U(gl n )-module generated by the l-th power of the α-determinant det(X). This cyclic module is isomorphic to the n-th tensor space (Sym(C)) of the symmetric l-th tensor space of C for all but finite exceptional values of α. If α is exceptional, then the cyclic module is equivalent to a proper submodule of (Sym(C)), i.e. the multiplicities of se...

Intracellular recordings have been made from visual cells in principal and secondary eyes of in vitro wolf spider preparations. The responses of all cells to all wavelengths of light were graded depolarizations; no hyperpolarizations or nerve discharges were seen. Cells in a secondary eye, the anterior lateral eye, had a maximum sensitivity in the visible at 510 nm and a secondary maximum, or s...

We study the concept of the fourth skein module of 3-manifolds, that is a skein module based on the skein relation b0L0 + b1L1 + b2L2 + b3L3 = 0 and a framing relation L = aL (a, b0, b3 invertible). We give necessary conditions for trivial links to be linearly independent in the module. We investigate the behavior of elements of the skein module under the n-move and compute the values for (2, n...

A color-separation system that angularly positions color LEDs to produce color separation and a lens array to focus this light onto the pixels is proposed. The LED rays from different incident angles are mapped into corresponding sub-pixel positions to efficiently display color image, which can be used to replace the absorbing color filter in the conventional liquid crystal layer. In this paper...

A fluorogenic-probe hydrolysis (TaqMan)-reverse transcriptase PCR assay for classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was developed and evaluated in experimentally infected swine. The assay detected CSFV, representing different phylogenetic groupings, but did not amplify viral RNA from related pestiviruses. The assay met or exceeded the sensitivity (1 to 100 50% tissue culture infective doses per ml) ...