Service-learning (SL) is a type of participatory action-oriented, experiential learning that connects course content with need in the community. This particularly well suited to environmentally themed courses as student action can have positive impact on environment while developing students' conservation ethics and “soft skills” required for many jobs. SL was incorporated into one two sections...

Achievement goal theory research presumes that a classroom goal structure influences students' adoption of achievement goals and related cognitions and behaviors. Motivational climate plays a significant role as a determinant of sports participation and behavioral patterns in relation to reasons for continuing to contribute to a task or sport. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effec...

The intense interest in possible climate change has led to increasing scrutiny of relatively long time series for indications of secular trends in climate indicators. Changes in mean levels of simple fields such as temperature, or shifts in the apparent return times (or oscillation periods) of various phenomena such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the North Atlantic oscillation (N...

this study examined naturally-occurring university classroom interactions at iranian universities and provided an analysis of silence patterns as politeness strategies used by male and female students. since empirical studies of silence in classroom settings are scarce, this paper aimed to explain such phenomena using participant interviews, classroom observation and detailed discourse analysis...

Widespread and systematic use of standardized observation in classrooms from prekindergarten to third grade has the potential to address major shortcomings in educational services provided to young children. Currently there are no standardized measures available for assessing pre-kindergarten/early elementary classrooms’ contributions to child competence that could be appropriately used in a sy...

Quality of Classroom Life is considered as a serious issue in academia around the world, and it has recently received global inquiry in EFL and ESL contexts. However, no questionnaire has been developed to assess the Iranian students’ and teachers’ attitudes towards the quality of life in the classroom. After developing a conceptual framework, the final draft of the developed questionnaire with...