The enclave technique was devised to create a circumscribed lesion in connective tissue for observing cellular responses in vivo to bacteria, antigens, and biological materials such as toxins. This site is largely free of erythrocytes, tissue cells, and supporting structures, because the migrating leukocytes of the inflammatory reaction collect on the thin tissue membrane of the bacteria-air en...

The effect of ovariectomy, estrogen and pregnancy on hair color has been studied in mature all red and all black guinea pigs. Hair samples were obtained from the scalp and anterior abdominal wall of each animal before and during the course of each experiment. Control samples of hair were also removed from the same areas of a group of untreated animals. The hairs were mounted on slides and hair ...

Without careful pruning, a rose bush would grow into a single stem with leaves. This is why gardeners invest in a good pair of clippers—cutting the leading shoot helps activate axillary buds which typically form at the base of each leaf near the stem and give rise to new shoots. Yet, axillary buds sometimes remain dormant despite pruning, and many plant species activate branching without a snip...

Fusarium isolates obtained from diseased Acacia koa Gray (Fabaceae) plants, adjacent soil, and seeds and seedpods may or may not be pathogenic on young seedlings under greenhouse conditions. This includes isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, the putative cause of koa wilt and dieback disease (“koa wilt”) in Hawai‘i. We tested 10 Fusarium isolates, made up of 4 different species (F. solani, F. subglu...

Naturally occurring plant phenols such as tannic acid, quercetin, myricetin, and anthraflavic acid have been shown to inhibit the mutagenicity of several bay-region diol-epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocar bons including benzo(a)pyrene (BP). The present study was designed to determine whether these plant phenols can alter epidermal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases in SENCAR mice. ...

The tumorigenicity of chrysene, (+)and (-)-frans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrochrysene (chrysene 1,2-dihydrodiol), and the ( + )and (—)-enantiomers of the diastereomeric bay-region chrysene 1,2-diol-3,4-epoxides was assessed in two tumor models. A single topical application of 0.4 or 1.2 /¿mol of the chrysene derivatives on mouse skin followed by 25 weeks of promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphor...

Effects of two types of timbering on populations of the Peaks of Otter salamander (Plethodon hubrichti) were determined using average numbers found during multiple night collections. Sampling was done prior to, and for two years after, timbering on four sites in each of three treatments (clearcut, shelterwood cuts, and reference). The average numbers of P. hubrichti at the reference and shelter...

Globally, people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are over-represented in incarcerated populations. The current study aimed to provide a national (Australian) snapshot of HIV prison policies against United Nations’ (UN) 15 key interventions for prisons. Publicly available policies, reports, and data were obtained, interviews conducted health staff five eight Australian jurisdi...

Intake of animals grazing grass pasture is in part infl uenced by canopy density. Our objective was to determine the vertical distribution of dry matter and neutral detergent fi ber (NDF) within temperate perennial grass swards. The study was conducted in 2004 and 2005 on a Plano silt loam (fi ne-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls). When leaf height of each grass reached 25 cm in...

Neat N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) rapidly penetrated into the skin of male Sprague-Dawley rats after in vivo and in vitro topical application. At the two topical doses tested in vivo, no steady state was observed. The maximal absorption fluxes were 10 and 20 mg/cm/h for 20 l/cm and 40 l/cm, respectively. Similar results were observed after in vitro topical application of neat [C]NMP (25–400 l/c...