We prove that the class of locally testable affine-invariant properties is closed under sums, intersections and "lifts". The sum and intersection are two natural operations on linear spaces of functions, where the sum of two properties is simply their sum as a vector space. The "lift" is a less well-studied property, which creates some interesting affine-invariant properties over large domains,...

Optical closure is essential for the determination of biogeochemical properties from ocean color remote sensing information. Mie scattering theory, a radiative transfer model, and a semi-analytical inversion algorithm were used to investigate the influence of particles and their properties on optical closure. Closure results were generally poor. Absorption coefficient (a(t)) inversions were mor...

A finitely generated group is called a Church-Rosser group (growing contextsensitive group) if it admits a finitely generated presentation for which the word problem is a Church-Rosser (growing context-sensitive) language. Although the ChurchRosser languages are incomparable to the context-free languages under set inclusion, they strictly contain the class of deterministic context-free language...

The aim of this study was to determine the local and systemic effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) as a component of topical skin adhesive in an animal artificial wound closure model. In presented study the cosmetic effects, histological analysis, mechanical properties, and cell migration have been assessed to evaluate the usefulness of ADSCs as supporting factor for octyl blend cyanoa...

We investigate four variants of valence regulations incorporated in (limited) Lindenmayer systems, focussing on hierarchical relations and closure properties. Strong connections to well-known families of languages obtained by regulated rewriting are established. We prove several new results on valence transducers and valence generalized sequential machines (gsm). In this way, we can show new pr...

We study diiusions in Riemannian manifolds and properties of their exit time moments from smoothly bounded domains with compact closure. For any smoothly bounded domain with compact closure, ; and for each positive integer k; we characterize the kth exit time moment of Brownian motion, averaged over the domain with respect to the metric density, using a variational quotient. We prove that for R...

We study the reverse mathematics of the principle stating that, for every property of finite character, every set has a maximal subset satisfying the property. In the context of set theory, this variant of Tukey’s lemma is equivalent to the axiom of choice. We study its behavior in the context of second-order arithmetic, where it applies to sets of natural numbers only, and give a full characte...

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8.1 Two Pumping Lemmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8.1.1 Context-Free Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8.1.2 Linear Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8.2 Closure Properties and Decision Algorithms for Context-Free Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

purpose: to evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (pciol) implantation on intraocular pressure (iop) in eyes with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. methods: twenty-two patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (cacg) and visually significant cataract were included in our study. all were underwent phacoemulsification and pciol implantation. iop, depth...

We investigate co-indexed groups, that is groups whose co-word problem (all words defining nontrivial elements) is an indexed language. We show that all Higman-Thompson groups and a large class of tree automorphism groups defined by finite automata are co-indexed groups. The latter class is closely related to dynamical systems and includes the Grigorchuk 2-group and the Gupta-Sidki 3-group. The...