Representation and learning of commonsense knowledge is one of the foundational problems in the quest to enable deep language understanding. This issue is particularly challenging for understanding casual and correlational relationships between events. While this topic has received a lot of interest in the NLP community, research has been hindered by the lack of a proper evaluation framework. T...

Semantic unification, the process by which small blocks of semantic information are combined into a coherent utterance, has been studied with various types of tasks. However, whether the brain activations reported in these studies are attributed to semantic unification per se or to other task-induced concomitant processes still remains unclear. The neural basis for semantic unification in sente...

We have constructed a new “Who-did-What” dataset of over 200,000 fill-in-the-gap (cloze) multiple choice reading comprehension problems constructed from the LDC English Gigaword newswire corpus. The WDW dataset has a variety of novel features. First, in contrast with the CNN and Daily Mail datasets (Hermann et al., 2015) we avoid using article summaries for question formation. Instead, each pro...

Schemata are expressions that are fixed except for slots available for novel words (I'm not a ______ person). Our goals were to quantify speakers' knowledge, examine semantic flexibility in open slots, and compare performance data in two generations of speakers using cloze procedures in formulaic expressions, schemata open slots, fixed portions of schemata, and novel sentences. Fewer unique wor...

The present research examined the effects of lexical cohesion cloze reading exercises (in which deletions involved various types cohesive devices) on improving EFL students’ comprehension. Sixty-four Thai university students were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Both groups received 12 sessions skill-based instruction, but group had additional practice in recognizing relati...

The reading proficiency of Indonesian students is still relatively low, especially the performance in English as a foreign language. Thus, it needs several explorations on technique suitable for with diversities competence. This study describes effect implementing cloze procedure teaching proficiency. research method employed design quantitative causal-comparative. population second grade senio...