Following an approach developed by Paczyński & Stanek, we derive a distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) by comparing red clump stars from the Hipparcos catalog with the red clump stars observed in two fields in the LMC that were selected from the ongoing photometric survey of the Magellanic Clouds to lie in low extinction regions. The use of red clump stars allows a single step determin...

Linear Properties and nonlinear frequency chirping of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) is investigated using a hybrid simulation code for energetic particles interacting with a magnetohydrodynamic fluid. It is found that the EGAM is a global mode with the spatially uniform oscillation frequency. The poloidal mode numbers of poloidal velocity fluctuation, plasma density fl...

The distribution of pairwise, relative peculiar velocities, f(u; r), on small nonlinear scales, r, is derived from the Press{Schechter approach. This derivation assumes that Press{Schechter clumps are virialized and isothermal. The virialized assumption requires that the circular velocity, Vc / M , where M denotes the mass of the clump. The isothermal assumption means that the circular velocity...

The distribution of pairwise relative peculiar velocities, f(u;r), on small non-linear scales, r, is derived from the Press{Schechter approach. This derivation assumes that Press{Schechter clumps are virialized and isothermal. The virialized assumption requires that the circular velocity V c / M 1=3 , where M denotes the mass of the clump. The isothermal assumption means that the circular veloc...

d : We expect that the wild population will have more variation in body weight than the tankreared population because wild fish will encounter different environments out in the ocean, thus contributing more environmental variance to the total phenotypic variance. Unfortunately, the way I wrote the question, it was not clear which population of fish one should be comparing the phenotypic varianc...

We have employed FORS1 and 2 at the Very Large Telescope at ESO to acquire deep B and R-band CCD images of 16 dwarf elliptical galaxies in the direction of the Virgo cluster. For each dwarf we measure the apparent Rband surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) magnitude mR and the (B−R)0 colour in a number of fields at different galactocentric distances. From the field-to-field variation of the two...

This paper presents a model for the outcome of collisions between planetesimals in a debris disk and assesses the impact of collisional processes on the structure and size distribution of the disk. The model is presented by its application to Fomalhaut’s collisionally replenished dust disk; a recent 450 μm image of this disk shows a clump embedded within it with a flux ∼ 5 per cent of the total...

This paper presents a model for the outcome of collisions between planetesimals in a debris disc, and assesses the impact of collisional processes on the structure and size distribution of the disc. The model is presented by its application to Fomalhaut’s collisionally replenished dust disc; a recent 450-μm image of this disc shows a clump embedded within it with a flux ∼5 per cent of the total...

Forage fish support the largest fisheries in the world but also play key roles in marine food webs by transferring energy from plankton to upper trophic-level predators, such as large fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. Fishing can, thereby, have far reaching consequences on marine food webs unless safeguards are in place to avoid depleting forage fish to dangerously low levels, where dependent...