The preparation of a lead-selective electrode based on 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrakis-(diphenylphosphinoylmethoxy)calix[4]arene (1) as an ionophore is reported. The plasticized PVC membrane containing 30% PVC, 57% ortho-nitrophenyloctylether (NPOE), 4% sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) and 9% ionophore 1 was directly coated on a graphite electrode. It exhibits a nearly Nernstia...

The interface between micromachined neural microelectrodes and neural tissue plays an important role in chronic in vivo recording. Electrochemical polymerization was used to optimize the surface of the metal electrode sites. Electrically conductive polymers (polypyrrole) combined with biomolecules having cell adhesion functionality were deposited with great precision onto microelectrode sites o...

A novel graphene-coated Ni electrode was developed in this investigation to improve corrosion resistance while unexpectedly enhancing the ammonia generation rate in the electrochemically induced urea to ammonia (eU2A) process, which is an electrochemical onsite ammonia generation method. The development of the electrode is crucial for the eU2A reactions since in the ammonia generation process, ...

It is currently not possible to record electromyographic (EMG) signals from many locations concurrently inside the muscle in a single wire electrode system. We developed a thin-film wire electrode system for multichannel intramuscular EMG recordings. The system was fabricated using a micromachining process, with a silicon wafer as production platform for polyimide-based electrodes. In the curre...

Microelectrodes have been used for over 30 years of glucose biosensor history. Two different types of glucose biosensors were developed using 176μm and 25μm diameter Pt wire cylindrical microelectrodes. The 176 μm Pt wire type microelectrodes were modified with non-conductive polymers and glucose oxidase enzyme. The lifetime of biosensors was over 50 days and had negligible response to interfer...

A novel conductive DNA-based nanomaterial, DNA-peptide wire, composed of a DNA core and a peripheral peptide layer, is presented. The electrical conductivity of the wire is found to be at least three orders in magnitude higher than that of native double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). High conductivity of the wires along with a better resistance to mechanical deformations caused by interactions between t...

background: one of the key techniques for the preparation of 125i seeds is adsorption of 125i onto silver bits coated by palladium (pd). carriers played an important role in the adsorption of 125i on palladium. ki is used as a carrier for fixing of 125i onto silver wire bits coated with palladium. materials and methods: three procedures ki, koh, nh4oh were investigated for adsorption of 125i ac...

Electromyographic (EMG) studies into gluteus medius (GMed) typically involve surface EMG electrodes. Previous comparisons of surface and fine wire electrode recordings in other muscles during high load isometric tasks suggest that recordings between electrodes are comparable when the muscle is contracting at a high intensity, however, surface electrodes record additional activity when the muscl...

Electronic transport through a quantum wire sandwiched between two metallic electrodes and coupled to a quantum ring, threaded by a magnetic flux φ, is studied. An analytic approach for the electron transport through the bridge system is presented based on the tight-binding model. The transport properties are discussed in three aspects: (a) presence of an external magnetic filed, (b) strength o...

A number of new precipitate-based electrodes based for example on mixtures of metal chalcogenides, as well as enzyme electrodes and coated wire electrodes, are described. Their analytical application in the widest sense is reviewed for anions and cations.