OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetic patients have a high incidence of cerebrovascular disease, elevated inflammation, and high risk of developing cognitive dysfunction following carotid endarterectomy (CEA). To elucidate the relationship between inflammation and the risk of cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients, we aim to determine whether elevated levels of systemic inflammatory markers are ...

Introduction: An impaired sense of smell has a remarkable impact on the quality of life. It is seen in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease. In this study, we assessed the olfactory function in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by Sniff Magnitude Test (SMT).  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 patients with MS. A questionnaire, including demog...

With the progressive improvement in the management of the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease, in the last decades the non-motor aspects of this disorder have gained growing attention by clinical and research communities. Cognitive functioning and its evolution are undoubtedly the most investigated non-motor aspects in PD due to their important implications in the diagnosis and t...

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) was originally described as a distinct clinicopathological entity in 1967. Since then, different phenotypic presentations have emerged as possible manifestations of CBD histopathological findings. In addition, pathophysiological findings and the molecular basis have been delineated and several aspects of its cognitive manifestations have been clarified. Thus, not...

Fatigue and cognitive complaints commonly occur during adjuvant chemotherapy treatment of breast cancer. Fatigue is also associated with radiation therapy, and can occur with surgery alone. Both of these symptoms may persist beyond the initial treatment of breast cancer and they have taken on greater prominence with the growing number of breast cancer survivors. These symptoms are most troubles...

In spite of the progress in medicine post operative cognitive deficiency (POCD) remains an important clinical problem. Since the introduction of cardiac surgery there have been frequent reports of its adverse neurological outcomes. Recent technological advances have contributed to a lesser occurrence of clinically evident complications such as coma, stroke, epilepsy or blindness. This brought t...

In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) prevalence studies of community and clinical samples, indicate that 45-60% of patients are cognitively impaired. These cognitive dysfunctions have been traditionally described as heterogeneous, but more recent studies suggest that there is a specific pattern of MS-related cognitive dysfunctions. With the advent of disease-modifying medications for MS and emphasis on e...

Progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction are the hallmark clinical features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identifying the molecular triggers for the onset of AD-related cognitive decline presently requires the use of suitable animal models, such as the 3xTg-AD mice, which develop both amyloid and tangle pathology. Here, we characterize the onset of learning and memory deficits in this m...

AIM This literature review aimed to examine the relationship between cognitive impairment and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Studies based on neuropsychological testing were prioritized, but those dealing with clinical features, therapy, comorbidity, neuroimaging, and the families of OCD patients were also considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature on cognitive impairment in OCD w...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene and is clinically characterized by recurrent stroke and cognitive decline. Previous studies have shown an association between white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI and cognitive dysfunction in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy wi...