Cognitivism, the traditional approach to understanding cognition, has argued for the essential role of symbolic computations over internal mental representations. But this view has been criticized on a number of grounds, one in particular being the assumption of amodality: that the symbols involved in processing are arbitrarily related to their referents. An opposing view—the framework of Perce...

1. Cognitive Extension and Cognitive Agnosticism According to classical cognitivism, cognitive processes are a special kind of computational processes over (symbolic or subsymbolic) representations. In the case of humans, these processes and representations seem to be found in and only in the brain—maybe not necessarily so, but arguably as a contingent matter of fact (Adams & Aizawa, 2001, 2008...

This qualitative-phenomenological study determined the experiences of general education (Gen Ed) kindergarten teachers in a SpEd school Davao del Norte handling inclusive classes. The purpose this explored and understand Gen Ed perspectives, particularly on issues challenges diverse learners an classroom. research is extracted through various theories Self- Efficacy, Behaviorism, Cognitivism, C...

Theorizing about good teaching is complicated by the preparadigmatic state of learning theory, the existence of separately conceived and independently coherent notions of learning championed in various branches of psychology (e.g., behavioral, developmental, cognitive, sociocultural). Historically, educators have responded by partnering with one or another of the schools (usually the dominant o...

This conceptual paper aims to clarify the theoretical underpinnings of game based learning (GBL) and learning with digital learning games (DLGs). To do so, it analyses learning of game related skills and contents, which occurs constantly during playing conventional entertainment games, from three perspectives: learning theory, emotion theory, and motivation theory. It is assumed that by an anal...

Mobile technology has the tremendous potential in supporting and improving education and its delivery. As a new phenomenon that is gaining popularity, the values of mobile technology in education need to be better researched and understood. In this research, we used the Value-Focused Thinking approach to interview students and instructors to identify the values of education that are enabled by ...

The theory of cognitive development from Jean Piaget (1923) is a constructivist perspective of learning that has substantially influenced cognitive science domain. Indeed it seems that constructivism is a possible trail in order to overcome the limitations of classical techniques stemming from cognitivism or connectionism and create autonomous agents, fitted with strong adaptation ability withi...

Online instruction has been one of the key delivery methods in midst COVID-19 pandemic due to school closures around globe. In accordance with Malaysia Education Blueprint (2013–2025), maximizing use information/communication technology emphasized scale up learning quality across Malaysia, including distance and self-paced learning. However, online country is at its infancy stage raised issues,...

It is widely believed that the major purpose of foreign language learning is to master the speaking skill of that language. Learners even evaluate their foreign language learning on the basis of their achievement in speaking proficiency. This study discusses different teaching methodologies aimed at the development of task-based language learning, drama and the manifestation of scenario-based t...