The new radio telescopes that are currently coming on line such as LOFAR and e-VLA and in the somewhat more distant future SKA, will revolutionize radio astronomy. Among many other things, they will enable observations of unprecedented detail of events where energetic particles and magnetic fields play a dominant role. This is the case for, for example, radio jets, supernovae and large scale sh...

Interstellar shock waves can erode and destroy grains present in the shocked gas, primarily as the result of sputtering and grain-grain collisions. Uncertainties in current estimates of sputtering yields are reviewed. Results are presented for the simple case of sputtering of fast grains being stopped in cold gas. An upper limit is derived for sputtering of refractory grains in C-type MHD shock...

Continuum spectra covering centimetre to submillimetre wavelengths are presented for a northern sample of 104 extragalactic radio sources, mainly active galactic nuclei, based on four-epoch Planck data. The nine Planck frequencies, from 30 to 857 GHz, are complemented by a set of simultaneous ground-based radio observations between 1.1 and 37 GHz. The single-survey Planck data confirm that the ...

Received ; accepted – 2 – ABSTRACT Numerical simulations of galaxy clusters including two species – baryonic gas and dark matter particles – are presented. Cold Dark Matter spectrum, Gaussian statistics and flat universe are assumed. The dark matter component is evolved numerically by means of a standard particle mesh method. The evolution of the baryonic component has been studied numerically ...

Understanding the evolution of galaxies from the starforming blue cloud to the quiescent red sequence has been revolutionized by observations taken with Herschel Space Observatory, and the onset of the era of sensitive millimeter interferometers, allowing astronomers to probe both cold dust as well as the cool interstellar medium in a large set of galaxies with unprecedented sensitivity. Recent...

Almost all interstellar objects contain inherent inhomogeneity. The inhomogeneity can manifest in many different ways, such as the uneven matter distribution in a molecular cloud, or the tangled magnetic field distribution in a Bok globule. The dynamics of interstellar objects is thus often governed by the interaction between astrophysical flows or shocks such as supernova blast waves with inho...

In a recent paper we have calculated the power density spectrum of Gamma-Ray Bursts arising from multiple shocks in a relativistic wind. The wind optical thickness is one of the factors to which the power spectrum is most sensitive, therefore we have further developed our model by taking into account the photon down-scattering on the cold electrons in the wind. For an almost optically thick win...

We describe X-ray production in the atmospheres of hot, early-type stars in the framework of a “stochastic shock model”. The extended envelope of a star is assumed to possess numerous X-ray emitting “hot” zones that are produced by shocks and embedded in the ambient “cold” medium in dynamical equilibrium. It is shown that the apparent lack of X-ray variability on short (∼ hours) timescales do n...

The ATLAS magnet system, comprising a superconducting central solenoid and three superconducting toroids, has been successfully ramped up for the first time to the nominal operational current of 20.4 kA on 4 th August 2008. Since then, new cryogenic operational challenges have been raised, like the smoothing of steady-state parameters, the enhancing of transient procedures to minimize thermal s...

The importance of ALMA to quantitatively trace the evolution of gas and dust from interstellar clouds to planetary systems is discussed and illustrated with recent observational studies of molecules in lowand high-mass young stellar objects. Line surveys using single-dish submillimeter telescopes reveal large chemical variations between different sources, which are likely related to their evolu...