Dialogue systems need to be able to understand a user’s communicative intentions, reason with those intentions, form their own communicative intentions, and realize those intentions with actual language to be uttered to the user. Oftentimes in dialogue systems, however, what these communicative intentions actually correspond to is never clearly defined. We propose a descriptive model of dialogu...

a bstract   background: midwifery profession is required to bring solutions to problems and a midwife is expected to be an assertive person and to develop midwifery care. this study was planned to examine the relationship between assertiveness and problem‑solving skills of midwives.   materials and methods: this cross‑sectional study was conducted with 201 midwives between july 2008 and februar...

The objective of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of a collaborative and online brainstorming game, Idea Storming Cube (ISC), which provides users with a competitive game-based environment and a peer-like intelligent agent. The program seeks to promote students’ divergent thinking to aid in the process of problem solving. The participants consisted of 72 11 grade high school studen...

This study investigates how a variety of resources mediated collaborative problem solving for a group of preservice teachers. The participants in this study completed mathematical, combinatorial tasks and then watched a video of a sixth grader as he exhibited sophisticated reasoning to recognize the isomorphic structure of these problems. The preservice teachers used a variety of material tools...

This paper proposes a robust model for optimizing collaborative reverse supply chains. The primary idea is to develop a collaborative framework that can achieve the best solutions in the uncertain environment. Firstly, we model the exact problem in the form of a mixed integer nonlinear programming. To regard uncertainty, the robust optimization is employed that searches for an optimum answer wi...