This paper is a comparison of two theories the probability history in quantum mechanics. One derived from Copenhagen mechanics using projection postulate and basis "consistent histories" interpretation; other based on proposal by Bell, originally for "pilot state" theory but here applied to pure unitary The first can be used wider class histories depends postulate, or "collapse", which widely h...

We report on the impact of differently sized particles on the collapse of a Langmuir monolayer. We use an SDS-DODAB monolayer because it is known to collapse reversibly under compression and expansion cycles. Particles with diameters of 1 μm, 0.5 μm, 0.1 μm, and 20 nm are deposited on the SDS-DODAB monolayer. We find a critical particle size range of 0.1 to 0.5 μm that produces a transition fro...

Experiments with fast folding proteins are beginning to address the relationship between collapse and folding. We investigate how different scenarios for folding can arise depending on whether the folding and collapse transitions are concurrent or whether a nonspecific collapse precedes folding. Many earlier studies have focused on the limit in which collapse is fast compared to the folding tim...

The initial phase of folding for many proteins is presumed to be the collapse of the polypeptide chain from expanded to compact, but still denatured, conformations. Theory and simulations suggest that this collapse may be a two-state transition, characterized by barrier-crossing kinetics, while the collapse of homopolymers is continuous and multi-phasic. We have used a laser temperature-jump wi...

Gravitational wave emission from stellar collapse has been studied for more than three decades. Current state-of-the-art numerical investigations of collapse include those that use progenitors with more realistic angular momentum profiles, properly treat microphysics issues, account for general relativity, and examine non-axisymmetric effects in three dimensions. Such simulations predict that g...