BACKGROUND There has been a significant amount of research in the prevention of throwing injuries. However, one area of research that is lacking is geographic location of play. Warm climates may permit year-round play and increased exposure to throwing arm injury risk. HYPOTHESES (1) Pitchers from southern institutions would have greater rates of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCL-...

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BACKGROUND Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction of the elbow has become increasingly more frequent among elite overhead athletes. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review comparing the clinical outcomes and biomechanical results of the Jobe, modified Jobe, docking, modified docking, Endobutton, and interference screw techniques for UCL reconstruction. HYPOTHESIS ...

BACKGROUND A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of the knee joint was established to analyze the biomechanical functions of the superficial and deep medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) of knee joints and to investigate the treatment of the knee medial collateral ligament injury. METHODS The right knee joint of a healthy male volunteer was subjected to CT and MRI scans in the extended...

Injury to the structures of the medial elbow is common among baseball players. The injury can result from repeated valgus stress of the elbow. Several types of injury to the structures of the medial elbow have been reported.1 These injuries cause valgus instability and pain of medial aspect of the elbow during pitch.2e4 Avulsion fractures of the sublime tubercle of the ulna are rare and general...

This guide to ultrasound imaging of the knee describes basic scanning planes and contains corresponding high-resolution images. The patient probe positionings are explained in a simplified step-by-step manner using schematic drawings. standard simple examination technique seems be an appropriate way improve learning curve novice musculoskeletal sonographers. In this manuscript, emphasis is plac...

Background and Objective: Knee joint is the complex joint. It much frequently injured due to trauma. The principle intra articular structures in knee are 2 cruciate ligaments, menisci collateral ligaments. main objective study MRI findings ligament injuries of Materials Methods: 110 patients with suspected was performed on 1.5-T MR system using flexible surface coil. Results: A total a period y...

Ligament function in restraining axial rotation of the tibia relative to the femur cannot be revealed by analysis of ligament forces alone. The action of the articular surfaces should be taken into account as well. In this study, three-dimensional mathematical models of four human knee joints were used to determine the limits of axial rotation between 0 and 90 degrees of flexion, whereby the fo...

BACKGROUND There are no validated outcome measures consistently used in the literature to report results of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in overhead athletes. HYPOTHESIS The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Overhead Athlete Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOC score) will correlate with other validated scores for upper extremity assessment but will be more accurate in evaluating ulnar col...