It is customary to regard 'tropical medicine' as a product of the late nineteenth century, 'its instrument the microscope, its epistemology the germ theory of disease'. The accepted interpretation is that tropical medicine was a European concept: originating in Britain and France and exported to the colonies by pioneering medical scientists. This interpretation is useful inasmuch as 'tropical m...

Scholars concerned with the European colonial period have been able to draw on a vast body of primary sources preserved in official archives. While the military may have been the ultimate arbitrators of their power, the colonial states were highly bureaucratic. They generated, and indeed depended upon, an unending flow of information that was collected, collated and archived as an organized bod...

Malagasy literary production has long displayed a discourse with Madagascar’s unique environment, often linking this an exploration of island identity. This article examines and compares poetic writing in Madagascar across 350 years. It studies the anti-colonial prose poems eighteenth-century white creole poet Évariste Parny alongside early twentieth-century Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo, who brings ...

In a world where we are constantly bombarded with countless images of Islamic terrorism, violence, and danger, it is not surprising that we have come to associate all aspects of Islamic society with malevolence. This destructive way of thinking has impacted the way we—as Westerners— think about, portray, and perceive Muslim men and women. While Muslim men are often depicted as hostile, cruel, a...

Parasitism has been argued as one o1 the major costs o1 breeding sociality in birds. Mowever, there is no clear evidence 1or an increased parasite pressure associated with the evolutionary transition 1rom solitary to colonial breeding. I used the pairwise comparative method to test whether colonial bird species incur in a greater risK o1 in1ection and i1 they must to 1ace with a greater diversi...

Abstract This paper investigates the use of postcolonial theory in Egyptology and Sudan archaeology. Theories concepts developed out examinations specific historical colonial encounters were often applied by Egyptologists with little or no critical contextualization. Consequently, when using theories some unwillingly transferred backgrounds to both ancient Egyptian experiences those their neigh...