Tile drains and French drains are typically used to control subsurface drainage, especially on greens and fairways with shallow water tables or fine soil texture. Tile drains are defined as "drains constructed by laying drain tile with unsealed joints in the bottom of a trench which is then refilled," whereas French drains are a "type of drain consisting of an excavated trench, refilled with pe...

background: modified radical mastectomy (mrm), as a surgical treatment in breast cancer patients, may lead to important complications with significant morbidities including seroma formation. in this study, we used topical phenytoin to evaluate its impact on breast and axillary wound drainage and seroma formation after mrm. methods: in a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, patients with br...

Surface and subsurface water collection in small seasonal rivers is very crucial, particularly in dry seasons. In this study a type of intake is introduced which acts as a river drainage network. An experimental model of the subsurface intake was constructed and the effective parameters such as upstream discharge, installation depth, and drain intervals were evaluated. The results showed that t...

Placement of catheters, drains, shunts, and tubes in children can lead to serious or even fatal complications at the moment of placement, such as hemorrhage at insertion, or in the longterm, such as infections and migration into adjacent organs. The clinician should always be aware of these potential complications, especially if the child is unwell. For postmortem diagnostic evaluation, either ...

A man with a crush injury of his upper abdomen developed bilateral pulmonary empyema after repair of tears of the oesophagus and liver. Attempts to withdraw chest drains led to recurrent septicaemia, treated by reinsertion of the drains plus administration of antibiotics. The communication of the empyema space with both the bronchial tree and the oesophagus was managed successfully with intermi...

This article presents an analysis of the results algorithm management children with refractory glaucoma which included: preparation and carrying out surgical treatment, postoperative period glaucoma. Thetotal number diagnosed was 478. Of them 82.1%, 410 underwent treatment. 30.2% (125 children) needed reoperation. The clinical functional state visual organ in for from 2016 to 2020 are given. in...

Pancreas divisum (PD) is the most common congenital variant of the pancreas, affecting 5% to 14% of the population. The ventral duct only drains the ventral pancreas through the major papilla, whereas the majority of the pancreas drains via the dorsal duct through the minor papilla. We report the case of a 21-year-old woman with recurrent acute pancreatitis who presented with the rare finding o...

Drainage following major abdominal surgery remains controversial. A case of small bowel evisceration through a Wallis drain site after an abdomino-perineal excision of rectum is reported as a complication of abdominal drainage.