The aim of this review is to summarize the contemporary understanding of the QCD phase diagram as a function of temperature T and baryo-chemical potential µ B. The focus is on recent theoretical developments due to lattice simulations of the phase diagram.

I use simple thermodynamic reasoning to argue that at temperatures of order a trillion kelvin, QCD, the theory which describes strongly interacting particles such as protons and neutrons under normal conditions, undergoes a phase transition to a plasma of more elementary constituents called quarks and gluons. I review what is known about the plasma phase both from theoretical calculations and f...

In many large-scale power plants, the structure of its auxiliary power system is complex, and the coordination of its relay protections is difficult. To enhance power supply reliability for the user terminals in the case of the distribution system to avoid interference by the fault again, rapidly complete the automatic identification, positioning, automatic fault isolation, network reconfigurat...

We propose a construction of a global phase diagram for the quantum Hall effect. This global phase diagram is based on our previous constructions of visibility diagrams in the context of the Quantum Hall Effect. The topology of the phase diagram we obtain is in good agreement with experimental observations (when the spin effect can be neglected). This phase diagram does not show floating.

In this work we classify the singularities obtained from the Gibbs potential of a lattice gas model with three components, two order parameters, and five control parameters applying the general theorems provided by catastrophe theory. In particular, we clearly establish the existence of Landau potentials in two variables or, in other words, corank-2 canonical forms that are associated with the ...

We study the phase diagram of a three-component Fermi gas with weak attractive interactions, which shows three superfluid and one normal phases. At weak symmetry breaking between the components the existence of domain walls interpolating between two superfluids introduces a new length scale much larger than the coherence length of each superfluid. This, in particular, limits the applicability o...

The QCD vacuum in which we live, which has the familiar hadrons as its excitations, is but one phase of QCD, and far from the simplest one at that. One way to better understand this phase and the nonperturbative dynamics of QCD more generally is to study other phases and the transitions between phases. We are engaged in a voyage of exploration, mapping the QCD phase diagram as a function of tem...

We report the phase diagram of interpenetrating Hertzian spheres. The Hertz potential is purely repulsive, bounded at zero separation, and decreases monotonically as a power law with exponent 5/2, vanishing at the overlapping threshold. This simple functional describes the elastic interaction of weakly deformable bodies and, therefore, it is a reliable physical model of soft macromolecules, lik...