At an intertidal site on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, the abundance of the invasive barnacle Chthamalus proteus was negatively correlated with abundance of the native limpet Siphonaria normalis. As the substratum at this site was a conglomerate of materials, we hypothesized that the observed pattern was the result of differences in substratum preferences, and/or negative interactions between the...

This paper focuses on different aspects of collaborative work used to create the electronic version of a dictionary in paper format, edited and printed by the Romanian Academy during the last century. In order to ensure accuracy in a reasonable amount of time, collaborative proofreading of the scanned material, through an on-line interface has been initiated. The paper details the activities an...

By means of suitable sequences of graphs, we describe the reduced lexicographic Gröbner basis of the toric ideal associated with the 3−dimensional transportation problem of format r× 3× 3 (r any integer > 1). In particular, we prove that the bases for r = 2, 3, 4, 5 determine all others.

Prevention of obesity requires policies that work. In this Series paper, we propose a new way to understand how food policies could be made to work more effectively for obesity prevention. Our approach draws on evidence from a range of disciplines (psychology, economics, and public health nutrition) to develop a theory of change to understand how food policies work. We focus on one of the key d...

We propose a systematic investigation on how to modify a preference relation in a defeasible logic theory to change the conclusions of the theory itself. We argue that the approach we adopt is applicable to legal reasoning, where users, in general, cannot change facts and rules, but can propose their preferences about the relative strength of the rules. We provide a comprehensive study of the p...

Computer game controllers that require the user to interact using physical movements (other than finger movements) are becoming increasingly popular. The present study sought to explore the factors and context which impact upon preferences for particular physically controlled game peripherals. A comprehensive user study was undertaken and both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed. Th...

Material and methods 200 AIS patients (70 traditional Full-Time-Braces, 96 double treatments with traditional Day-Brace plus additional Night-Time-Brace and 34 patients with isolated Night-Time-Braces) have been included in a comprehensive, anonymous compliance survey. We distinguished daytimeand nighttime-compliance and various kinds of activity. We also asked patients and parents for their pr...

This chapter reviews previous work on an evolutionary model describing the effect of time delays on human preferences. The model explains why the long-term real interest rate is usually near 3% and why rates of crime and driving accidents are highest among young adults. It does not succeed in explaining the phenomenon of preference reversal. The chapter reports new results on uncertainty and on...

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis regarding strategic interaction under expectation-based loss-aversion. First, we develop a coherent framework for the analysis by extending the equilibrium concepts of Kőszegi and Rabin (2006, 2007) to strategic interaction and demonstrate how to derive equilibria. Second, we delineate how expectation-based loss-averse players differ in their strateg...

Group living is widespread in animals. In nature, groups usually not only differ in phenotypic characteristics but also in the social relationships among group members. Theory predicts that individuals adjusting their shoaling decisions—to join certain groups or not—based on social criteria, such as familiarity or genetic relatedness, can increase their fitness. Although numerous studies report...