Given reported interactions between vergence and version dynamics, ocular reflexes cannot be properly modelled as separate independent subsystems. Using a model structure compatible with known anatomy, we show that a single bilateral system can produce results consistent with observed data both at the central and ocular levels. This model provides for both vergence and conjugate integrators in ...

Vergence eye-movements occur not only in real environments, but also in virtual 3D environments. Autostereograms can cover large visual angles without requiring vergence beyond natural parameters and are thus wellsuited for the investigation of vergence movements in virtual 3D images. We developed an anaglyph-based 3D calibration procedure and used a parametrized selforganizing map (PSOM) to ap...

It has long been believed that the superior colliculus (SC) is involved in the production of saccades but plays no role in the generation of vergence eye movements. However, results from several recent studies suggest that it may be worthwhile to examine the role of the SC in saccade-vergence interactions. Specifically, the available literature suggests two questions: do saccade-related neurons...

We tested between two coding mechanisms that the brain may use to retain distance information about a target for a reaching movement across vergence eye movements. If the brain were to encode a retinal disparity representation (retinal model), i.e., target depth relative to the plane of fixation, each vergence eye movement would require an active update of this representation to preserve depth ...

Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a developmental visual anomaly defined clinically by a reduced near point of convergence, a reduced capacity to view through base-out prisms (fusional convergence); coupled with asthenopic symptoms typically blur and diplopia. Experimental studies show reduced vergence parameters and tonic adaptation. Based upon current models of accommodation and vergence, we ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the interaction between central and peripheral disparities in the initiation of vergence eye movements. METHODS Eye movements were recorded in eight normal subjects using an infrared limbus tracker. Three-dimensional visual stimuli were back projected onto a tangent screen by using two liquid crystal display (LCD) projectors through crossed polarizers. The central target w...

The goal of this study was to examine latency of horizontal eye movements in the natural space (saccades, vergence, and combined saccade-vergence movements) in children with early onset convergent or divergent strabismus. Ten children were tested (8-11 years old): three with divergent strabismus, seven with convergent strabismus. A paradigm was used to elicit pure lateral saccades at far and ne...

A computational model for the control of horizontal vergence, based on a population of disparity tuned complex cells, is presented. The model directly extracts the disparity-vergence response by combining the outputs of the disparity detectors without explicit calculation of the disparity map. The resulting vergence control yields to stable fixation and has small response time to a wide range o...

Binocular eye movements were measured while subjects perceived the wallpaper illusion in order to test the claim made by Bishop Berkeley in 1709 that we perceive the distance of nearby objects by evaluating the vergence angles of our eyes. Four subjects looked through a nearby fronto-parallel array of vertical rods (28-35 cm away) as they binocularly fixated a point about 1 meter away. The wall...

Vergence to static targets presented at five distances between 25 and 200 cm from the subject was measured in 631 infants aged between 17 and 120 days. Photographic images of the eyes were magnified and measured to yield information on the monocular and binocular eye positions for each target. Vergence data were fit by a linear function and compared to the vergence calculated from target distan...