A method for directly measuring the inverse screening length in semiconductors in terms of ionized-impurity concentration and lattice temperature is demonstrated, based on a first-principle calculation of the effect of ionized-impurity scattering. No fitting parameters are involved in the derivation, which covers a wide range of doping concentrations and intrinsically complies with the Mathiess...

Exploiting the dependence of the refractive index on carrier concentration and temperature, various infrared laser probing techniques enable the experimental analysis of the carrier and heat flow distributions in the interior of semiconductor devices. In this work we present a complete numerical simulation sequence for the whole measurement process. It includes the electrothermal device simulat...

The specific gravity of the red blood cells (normally about 1.10) so greatly exceeds that of t.he plasma that the difference between the gravities of whole blood and plasma can serve as a measure of the cell content of the blood. By assuming a constant hemoglobin concentration in the cells, one can estimate also the blood hemoglobin concentration from the gravity values. The calculation is base...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate correlations between variations in eletrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Use of a low-cost software to digitalize printed and/or ".pdf" file format ECG recordings. Calculation of ST-segment area and amplitudes of the J and Y points. RESULTS The amplitude of the Y point holds maximum correlation with troponin concentration. ST-segment e...

Equations are derived for the species concentrations in coupled chemical equilibria in the gas phase. This is done both for the method of the direct minimization of the free energy as well as for the equilibrium constant method. The relations developed are such as to allow for the inclusion of detailed real gas effects. The emphasis is on practical problems encountered in the actual calculation...

Lagrangian calculations of average concentrations require knowledge of one-particle statistics. However, if Lagrangian calculations of concentration fluctuations and concentration covariances are to account for turbulent mixing associated with relative dispersion, then such calculations must incorporate some features and properties of two-particle statistics @1#. The calculation of concentratio...