An MI-group is an algebraic structure based on a generalization of the concept of a monoid that satisfies the cancellation laws and is endowed with an invertible anti-automorphism representing inversion. In this paper, a topology is defined on an MI-group $G$ under which $G$ is  a topological MI-group. Then we will identify open, discrete and compact MI-subgroups. The connected components of th...

in 1997, fang proposed the concept of boundedness of $l$-fuzzy setsin $l$-topological vector spaces. since then, this concept has beenwidely accepted and adopted in the literature. in this paper,several characterizations of bounded $l$-fuzzy sets in$l$-topological vector spaces are obtained and some properties ofbounded $l$-fuzzy sets are investigated.

    Morphological Awareness (henceforth: MA), defined as the ability to understand the morphemic structure of the words, has been reported to affect various aspects of second language performance including reading comprehension ability, spelling performance, etc. Yet, the concept has been far less treated with reference to l2 listening transcription. Thus, against this background, this study ai...

In this article, we introduce the concept of co-covering which is the dual of covering concept. Then, we prove several theorems being similar to the theorems that have been de-veloped for the covering concept. For example, we provide the lifting criterion for co-coverings of a topological space X, which helps us to classify them by subgroups of the group of all homeomorphisms of X.

The concept of scripts has considerable appeal as addressing or at least naming an urgent issue in CSCL: how to use the promise of networked computers to guide groups of students to engage in desirable and successful collaborative learning. However, the concept of scripts is often applied inconsistently or founded on problematic theoretical grounds. Reconceptualizing scripts as situated resourc...

A Web-based computer-aided learning system, CABC-2, have been developed using a modular approach. The basic building modules (units) are named individual Web pages or groups of pages. These units can be selected and organized into specific teaching packages, and associated with various types of learners, who can then navigate through the units of the packages through an active concept map-based...

The concept of scripts has considerable appeal as addressing or at least naming an urgent issue in CSCL: how to use the promise of networked computers to guide groups of students to engage in desirable and successful collaborative learning. However, the concept of scripts is often applied inconsistently or founded on problematic theoretical grounds. Reconceptualizing scripts as situated resourc...

Fluoroquinolones were discovered in the 1960s as a derivative of the antimalarial drug chloroquine. Over the past 40 years, many fluoroquinolones have been developed for use in human and veterinary medicine. As with all classes of antibiotics, resistance to fluoroquinolones is a serious concern, and multiple avenues for resistance are being investigated. Resistance-associated point mutations in...