Investigating the “knowing”, a module of the KARDS model proposed by Kumaravadivelu (2012) for teacher education, of Iranian teachers of learner autonomy, this study is an attempt to illuminate some of the yet unexplored areas of teachers’ various types of knowledge of learner autonomy. Furthermore, it attempts to illustrate how Iranian Non-EFL teachers’ knowing affects their practices with reg...

Abstract This chapter introduces the basic information for need of strategic decision-making, including internal key organization, external information. Strategic decision makers are required to conduct analysis and have a deep understanding industry trend organization resources capabilities.

integrity is among the fundamental concepts in the field of cultural heritage and the importance of knowing this concept and examining its status in the philosophical principles of perseverance is so great that achieving integrity is introduced as among the basic criteria of optimal preservation of historical monuments. integrity has always been open to discussion in different historical period...

This double issue of Cybernetics and Human Knowing is dedicated to celebrating the life and work of Heinz von Foerster, cybernetician extraordinaire. He died on October 2nd, 2002. Mai von Foerster, his wife of over 60 years, died on June 22nd, 2003. They lived as a team and it is wrong to think of the work that appeared under the authorship of Heinz von Foerster without thinking of Mai's part i...

We introduce a new knowledge operator called ``knowing whether.'' Knowing whether an event occurred means either knowing that it occurred or knowing that it did not occur. We demonstrate the following difference between ``knowing whether'' and ``knowing that.'' In a multiple agent model, a sequence of events generated by successively applying ``knowing that'' operators, or their negations, may ...