An effective speaker can use metaphor to communicate a wealth of propositions and affective attitudes with a single juxtaposition of ideas [12,8,6,10,7,3,15]. But as such, an effective metaphor requires effective communication, which in turn requires that the speaker has a clear idea of the content to be communicated, and an equally clear understanding of which conceptual vehicles best communic...

The recurrence of certain basic metaphors across diverse times and cultures is an interesting issue in the debate over the form and extent of innate human knowledge. Are the common themes of metaphor and narrative evidence for strong innate human knowledge, or the result of weaker constraints on learning and development? Machine learning has demonstrated that strong conceptual knowledge may be ...

KEYWORDS: metaphor-understanding algorithms metaphor of mind reasoning about agents' mental states personiication metaphor uncertain reasoning ABSTRACT: An implemented reasoning called ATT-Meta is sketched. It performs a type of metaphor-based reasoning. Although it relies on built-in knowledge of speciic metaphors, where a metaphor is a conceptual view of ones topic as another, it is very exib...

In this paper, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and cognitive linguistic theories of metonymy and frame semantics are used to explore metaphors for the self in an analysis of Japanese grammar and lexicon. The analysis takes an embodied cognition stance on language-independent phenomena that happen to have (but are not isolated to) surface linguistic indexes. In so doing, this work aims to shed light ...

Since the 1980 book, The Metaphors We Live By, by Lakoff and Johnson, the cognitive–linguistic view of metaphor that they propound has come to be most widely accepted. Its characteristic features are that (a) metaphor is a property of the concept, not the words; (b) its function is to heighten understanding, not simply artistic or aesthetic; (c) it is often not based on similarity; (d) it is ub...

Cognitive linguists contend that learners’ awareness of motivations is the key in not only second language acquisition but also figurative language learning. Two cognitive-oriented methods are proposed to raise L2 learners’ awareness on metaphoric/metonymic expressions and to enhance retention: instruction involving conceptual metaphors (CM) and instruction involving metaphoric mappings (MM). T...

The current work examines the role of sensorimotor processes (manipulating whether visual exposure to hard and soft stimuli encourage sensorimotor simulation) and metaphor processes (assessing whether participants have understanding of a pertinent metaphor: "hard" Republicans and "soft" Democrats) in social categorization. Using new methodology to disassociate these multimodal processes (i.e., ...

We investigate the role and influence of the biological metaphor ‘growth’ in studies of organizations, specifically in entrepreneurial settings. We argue that we need to reconsider metaphorical expressions of growth processes in entrepreneurship studies in order to better understand growth in the light of contemporary challenges, such as environmental concerns. Our argument is developed in two ...

This article employs a cognitive semantic analysis with the aim to describe types of metaphors and conceptual meanings based on metaphor theory by Lakoff Johnson (1980), image schemes scheme Cruse Croft (2004) electronic newspaper Kompas. Data source in this research are taken from technology rubric Kompas March 2020 edition. We use descriptive qualitative method conduct reseach. The result sho...

This paper presents a couple of observations on the use of the concept of metaphor in game studies: Firstly, often when authors use the concept of metaphor this appears in conceptual and textual proximity to simulation. Secondly, the concept of metaphor is often applied to signify seemingly abstract games and to form thereby an opposition to mimetic simulations. Thirdly, definitions applied for...