Collecting reef-associated invertebrates usually involves disturbance of the reef area, often damaging the habitat and sometimes damaging live corals. We introduce a nondestructive, inexpensive, and effective method for collecting coral reef-associated invertebrates using approximations of small coral heads constructed of concrete, PVC pipes, nylon cleaning pads, and other materials easily obta...

Recent advances in materials engineering are remarkable. New emerging the global market, and old ones constantly being improved. No exceptions for production of pipes. Nowadays cast iron, steel, reinforced concrete, ceramic, plastic other pipes used water supply sewage networks installation. Construction customers designers have to choose which use that they meet set requirements, easy maintain...

the 6th national population and housing census was carried out from october 28 to november 17, 2006 in which three different questionnaires were used. question number 55 of the 3rd questionnaire asked about housing units sewage disposal. this paper studies and analyzes the answers to the mentioned question in regional and national levels. assessment of housing units sewage disposal conditions s...

Dysfunctions and failures of buried pipe networks, like sewer are studied in this paper from the point view structural reliability heterogeneity geotechnical conditions longitudinal direction. Combined soil spatial variability Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) induce stresses displacements. A model has been developed within frame geostatistics a mechanical description soil–structure interaction se...

This paper describes the use of wavelet entropy as a feature extractor for robust classification of cracks in sewer pipe structures. Video image data was acquired using an infrared camera in an experimental sewer pipe setup. Video frames were partitioned into 64 ∗ 64 pixel sections. 1,885 ’crack’ and 1,675 ’clean’ (non-crack) sections were manually classified. Each section was transformed to a ...

In recent years, we have witnessed an increase in road subsidence accidents urban areas, threatening the safety of citizens. Various facilities, such as water and sewage pipes, telecommunication facilities are buried under roads, aging these is one factors causing subsidence. particular, old sewer pipes a primary cause However, most maintenance work on carried out based how long ago they were u...

This research aims at improving the automation of sewer pipe assessment process, specifically in terms development a closed-circuit television (CCTV) video interpretation algorithm and (SPVA) system. A novel for pipes (VIASP) is proposed to use labeled (which by an automated defect detector) as input order extract useful information from video, with final output being report textual format. To ...

This paper describes the design and implementation of multimedia data processing elements for a home sewer platform. Generally, a home sewer can be considered as an integrated form of a multimedia data sewer, home control sewer, and home information sewer. As a multimedia data sewer, the proposed scheme has a digital TV receiver module and a multimedia codec module. Thus, watching digital TV an...

Sewer line failures are a major cause of stream impairment in urban areas. While many sewer line failures can be readily identified and corrected, other failures may be more difficult to remedy. This paper examines the general problem of sewer line failures. Specifically, we discuss 1) the observed causes of sewer line failures, 2) methods for determining which streams are being affected by sew...