The volume of liquid in the fetal lung depends on the amount of liquid secreted across the pulmonary epithelium and the amount flowing through the trachea. Lung liquid volume (V1) and secretion rate Vs) were determined using an indicator-dilution technique, while tracheal flow rate (Vtr) was measured simultaneously with a bubble flowmeter. Least-squares regression analysis showed that in 10 chr...

In order to assess the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in two neighboring cities located near the epicenter of the HIV-1 epidemics in Brazil (Santos and São Paulo), we investigated 83 HIV-1 strains obtained from samples collected in 1995 from intravenous drug users. The V3 through V5 region of the envelope of gp 120 was analyzed by heteroduplex mobility analysis. Of the 95 samples, 12 (12.6%) w...

Regression equations are widely used in clinical neuropsychology, particularly as an alternative to conventional normative data. In neuropsychological applications the most common method of making inferences concerning the difference between an individual's test score and the score predicted by a regression equation is to multiply the standard error of estimate by an appropriate value of z to f...

This paper describes a program, PRODCLIN (distribution of the PRODuct Confidence Limits for INdirect effects), written for SAS, SPSS, and R, that computes confidence limits for the product of two normal random variables. The program is important because it can be used to obtain more accurate confidence limits for the indirect effect as demonstrated in several recent articles (MacKinnon, Lockwoo...

Fuzzy process capability indices are used to determine whether a production process is capable of producing items within specification tolerance, where instead of precise quality we have two membership functions for specification limits. In practice these indices are estimated using sample data and it is of interest to obtain confidence limits for fuzzy capability index given a sample estimate....

We construct exact and optimal one-sided upper and lower confidence bounds for the difference between two probabilities based on matched binary pairs using well-established optimality theory of Buehler. Starting with five different approximate lower and upper limits, we adjust them to have coverage probability exactly equal to the desired nominal level and then compare the resulting exact limit...

A total of 1935 migratory birds from 104 different species were captured in southeastern Sweden in 2005-2006 and tested for antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV). Overall, 46 birds (2.4%; binomial confidence limits, 1.8-3.2) were positive by blocking-ELISA, but only 2 (0.10%; binomial confidence limits, 0.0-0.4) had antibodies detectable by both blocking-ELISA and WNV neutralization test. EL...