The role of grain bridging in affecting the initial rising portion of the R-curve and the transient, non-steady-state behavior of short cracks during (cyclic) fatigue-crack propagation has been quantitatively examined in a 99.5% pure alumina. Fatigue-crack growth properties for both long and short ( af < 2 mm) cracks emanating from machined notches (root radius, 15–150 m) were investigated, whe...

Pervasive Computing has postulated to invisibly integrate technology into everyday objects in such a way, that these objects turn into smart things. Not only a single object of this kind is supposed to represent the interface among the “physical world” of atoms and the “digital world” of bits, but a whole landscapes of them. The interaction among humans and such landscapes of technology rich ar...

We prove modularity of constructive confluence for term rewriting systems using a novel decomposition of terms into tall aliens and bases. The proof is modular itself in that it factors through the decreasing diagrams theorem for abstract rewriting systems.

Toyama's Theorem states that connuence is a modular property of disjoint term rewriting systems. This theorem does not generalize to combined systems with shared constructors. Thus the question arises naturally whether there are suucient conditions which ensure the modu-larity of connuence in the presence of shared constructors. In particular, Kurihara and Krishna Rao posed the problem whether ...

The coinductive λ-calculus Λ arises by a coinductive interpretation of the grammar of the standard λ-calculus Λ and contains non-wellfounded λ-terms. An appropriate notion of reduction is analyzed and proven to be confluent by means of a detailed analysis of the usual Tait/MartinLöf style development argument. This yields bounds for the lengths of those joining reduction sequences that are guar...

The fatigue growth of multiple cracks, of arbitrary lengths, emanating from a row of fastener holes in a bonded, riveted, lap joint in a pressurized aircraft fuselage is studied. The effects of residual stresses due to a rivet misfit, and of plastic deformation near the hole, are included. A Schwartz Neumann alternating method which uses the analytical solution for a row of multiple colinear cr...

The relationship between the crack nucleation and stress-induced martensitic transformation in the retained massive austenites (RM’s) of austempered ductile irons (ADIs) was examined in detail by carrying out tensile tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations for an ADI material. The SEM observations revealed that cracks were not nucleated in the peripheral regions of graphite no...

We present numerical simulations of the fall of a two dimensional (2D) model granular material in a rectangular container and study the decompactionof this granular assembly consisting of non-cohesive particles. During the fall we observe the occurrence of cracks splitting the initial pile into pieces. Cracks preferentially occur in the lower part of the array, an eeect also observed experiment...

* Corresponding author; Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT An important task in mixed-mode fracture analysis and prediction is the simulation of crack growth under mixed-mode conditions. To complete such a task, one must have (a) a computer code capable of handling the kinematics of general crack growth and determining the stress and deformation states during crack growth, and (b) a fracture crit...