AIM To determine whether there are differences in the lymphocytic cell infiltrate present in affected extraocular muscles (EOM) during early and late stages of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS 17 biopsies of affected EOMs were collected from two groups of TAO patients (n=14): the first of five patients with early, active TAO, and the second of nine patients with late, inactive...

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is an unusual tobacco-associated vasculopathy that is a nonatherosclerotic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that affects small and mediumsized vessels of the extremities. The single guanosine nucleotide deletion/insertion polymorphism (4G/5G) at -675 bp in promoter region of the PAI-1 gene is the major genetic determinant of PAI-1 expression. Plasma PAI...

A number of problems arise when translating any work from a written language, such as early Chinese, into twentieth century English. One such problem is the difference between the written forms of the two languages, another is the difference between the two cultures, and a third is the time which elapsed between the writing of the original work, in this instance, some time between six hundred a...

During oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, the cells in the follicular epithelium of the ovary undergo a transition from a cuboidal to a squamous shape. In this issue, Gomez et al. (2012. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201207150) show that the kinase Tao promotes the endocytosis of the cell adhesion molecule Fasciclin 2 from the lateral surface of the cell and is critical for the...

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy in which significant advances have been observed during the last 15 years. Our understanding of the disease has been advanced through its molecular characterization. We have also seen improvements in patient care with the development of 2 new classes of active agents, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), resulting in a significan...

Subjects live with objects1: they observe objects, create objects, and use objects. The τ-theory (the Greek letter “τ” is pronounced as “TAO”, which stands for “Teleology Affordances Ontology”) is a theory about subjects (with purposes) and objects (with properties), and the possible relationships between them. It is rooted in the philosophical branches of teleology, including praxeology (the e...