Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). VANET’s provide communication between vehicles moving on the roads. Congestion detection and control in VANET is very essential and necessary for smart ITS in order to avert an accident. Special considerations are required to develop more soph...

Cooperative vehicular systems are currently being investigated to design innovative ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) solutions for road traffic management and safety. Through the wireless exchange of information between vehicles, and between vehicles and infrastructure nodes, cooperative systems can support novel decentralized strategies for ubiquitous and more cost-attractive traffic m...

acute venous congestion leads to blood stasis in the tissue and impaired blood perfusion. using medicinal leech is an old method of reducing tissue congestion. there are numerous factors in leech saliva and hirudin that have important roles in the leeching beneficial effect. in this study, an animal study was performed to compare leech therapy with heparin therapy in the treatment of acute veno...

Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) and Active Queue Management Schemes such as Random Early Detection (RED), Adaptive Random Early Detection (ARED) and BLUE queues have been proposed for TCP/IP networks to compensate network congestion. However, using ECN requires that ECN be supported by both TCP senders and receivers. This paper presents a novel AQM modification called Receiver-Window Mod...

Several gateway-based congestion control mechanisms have been proposed to support an end-to-end congestion control mechanism of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). One of promising gateway-based congestion control mechanisms is a RED (Random Early Detection) gateway. Although effectiveness of the RED gateway is fully dependent on a choice of control parameters, it has not been fully investigat...

The introduction of high bandwidth demanding services such as multimedia services has resulted in important changes on how services in the Internet are accessed and what Quality of Experience requirements (i.e. limited amount of packet loss, fairness between connections) are expected to ensure a smooth service delivery. In the current congestion control mechanisms, misbehaving TCP stacks can ea...

One major yet unsolved problem in wired-cum-wireless networks is the classification of losses, which might result from wireless temporary interferences or from network congestion. The transport protocol response to losses should be different for these two cases. If the transmission uses existing protocols like TCP, the losses are always classified as congestion losses by sender, causing reduced...

End-to-end congestion control algorithms in TCP are designed for a highly co-operative environment with the assumption that the end hosts voluntarily participate in it and obey the congestion control rules. The steady growth of malicious activities such as Denial-of-Service attacks (DoS) on the Internet reveals that the Internet no longer remains as a network of only trusted entities. The focus...

Detecting the weak and strong congestion statuses of decision-making units (DMUs) measuring them via data envelopment analysis (DEA) is an important issue that has been discussed in several studies with different views. The efficiency frontier a concept derived from underlying production possibility set (PPS), related to them. Still, researchers have defined for each DMU many previous ignored l...

Automatic incident detection is becoming one of the core tools of urban traffic management, enabling more rapid identification and response to traffic incidents and congestion. The existing traffic detection infrastructure within many urban areas (often installed for traffic signal optimisation) provides urban traffic control systems with a near continuous stream of data on the state of traffic...