Internal conical refraction in biaxial gyrotropic crystals has been studied theoretically. A special case of Gaussian beam conical refraction has been considered comprehensively. The results of numerical simulation agree well with the available experimental data. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 42.25.Bs; 42.25.Lc; 42.25.Fx; 78.20.Ek; 78.20.Fm

A key feature of the ASTRA TECH Implant System BioManagement Complex is the design of the implant-abutment connection, i.e. the Conical Seal Design. This design feature has been part of the implant system since 1985, thus all clinical documentation available includes results on this key feature. This review includes technical literature focusing on evaluating the Conical Seal Design, using appr...

MURRAY, S. O.-Lancet, Vol. I. p. 328, 1947. NELLEN, M.-Lancet, Vol. I, p. 326, 1947. NICOLAU, MME.-SOC. roumn. d'Oiht., Bucarest, Vol. XVII. p. 6. 1931; Ref. Ann. d'Ocul., Vol. CLXX, p. 351. 1933. NOBL.-Wienter Dermat. Ges., Vol. XIII, p. 2, 1895. Quoted by Chaillous. 0 DONOVAN, W. J. and MICHAELSON, L. C.-Brit.JI. Oplzthal., Vol. XXX, p. 193, 1946. PERCIVAL, 1G. H. and GIBSON, H. I.-Brit. Ji. ...

Single- and multiple-nanopore membranes are both highly interesting for biosensing and separation processes, as well as their ability to mimic biological membranes. The density of pores, their shape, and their surface chemistry are the key factors that determine membrane transport and separation capabilities. Here, we report silicon nitride (SiN) membranes with fully controlled porosity, pore g...

Stromatolites may be Earth's oldest macroscopic fossils; however, it remains controversial what, if any, biological processes are recorded in their morphology. Although the biological interpretation of many stromatolite morphologies is confounded by the influence of sedimentation, conical stromatolites form in the absence of sedimentation and are, therefore, considered to be the most robust rec...

Circular meshes are quadrilateral meshes all of whose faces possess a circumcircle,whereas conicalmeshes areplanar quadrilateralmeshes where the faces which meet in a vertex are tangent to a right circular cone. Both are amenable to geometricmodeling – recently surface approximation and subdivision-like refinement processes have been studied. In this paper we extend the original defining proper...

The involvement of three-state conical intersections in the photophysics and radiationless decay processes of the nucleobases has been investigated using multireference configuration interaction methods. Three-state conical intersections have been located for the pyrimidine base, uracil, and the purine base, adenine. In uracil, a three-state degeneracy between the S(0), S(1), and S(2) states ha...

We discuss the sensitivity of the three-particle azimuthal cumulant method for a search and study of conical emission in central relativistic A+A collisions. Our study is based on a multicomponent Monte Carlo model which include flow background, Gaussian mono-jets, jet-flow, and Gaussian conical signals. We find the observation of conical emission is hindered by the presence of flow harmonics o...

The conical air-void structure of an InGaN light-emitting diode (LEDs) was formed at the GaN/sapphire interface to increase the light extraction efficiency. The fabrication process of the conical air-void structure consisted of a dry process and a crystallographic wet etching process on an undoped GaN layer, followed by a re-growth process for the InGaN LED structure. A higher light output powe...