We synthesized a series of purely organic phosphors, bromobenzaldehyde derivatives, with varying conjugation length to investigate the effects of conjugation length on their phosphorescence emission properties. As the conjugation length increases phosphorescence efficiency decreases with a redshift in the emission color at 77 K. Our computational results imply that this correlation is related t...

Upon pathogen perception plant innate immune receptors activate various signaling pathways that trigger host defenses. PAMP-triggered defense signaling requires mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which modulate the activity of transcription factors through phosphorylation. Here, we highlight that the same transcription factors are also targets for conjugation by SUMO (Small ubiqu...

SUMO1-conjugation of proteins at neuronal synapses is considered to be a major post-translational regulatory process in nerve cell and synapse function, but the published evidence for SUMO1-conjugation at synapses is contradictory. We employed multiple genetic mouse models for stringently controlled biochemical and immunostaining analyses of synaptic SUMO1-conjugation. By using a knock-in repor...

Conjugation, or Legendre transformation, is a basic tool in convex analysis, rational mechanics, economics and optimization. It maps a function on a linear topological space into another one, defined in the dual of the linear space by coupling these space by meas of the duality product. Generalized conjugation extends classical conjugation to any pair of domains, using an arbitrary coupling fun...

........................................................................................................ 8 POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING ................................. 10 ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... 13 FOREWORD .......................................................................................................

While carboranes with 2 n+2 and 2 n+4 (n=number of skeletal atoms) skeletal electrons (SE) are widely known, little has been reported on carboranes with odd SE numbers. Electrochemical measurements on two-cage assemblies, where two C-phenyl-ortho-carboranyl groups are linked by a para-phenylene or a para-tetrafluorophenylene bridge, revealed two well separated and reversible two-electron reduct...

Does the language processing system make use of abstract grammatical categories and representations that are not directly visible from the surface form of a linguistic expression? This study examines stem-formation processes and conjugation classes, a case of ‘pure’ morphology that provides insight into the role of grammatical structure in language processing. We report results from a cross-mod...

Conjugation is the primary mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that spreads antibiotic resistance among bacteria. Although conjugation normally occurs in surface-associated growth (e.g., biofilms), it has been traditionally studied in well-mixed liquid cultures lacking spatial structure, which is known to affect many evolutionary and ecological processes. Here we visualize spatial patterns of...

Image retrieval based on degenerate four-wave mixing with a new nonlinear mechanism is demonstrated. An avalanche nonlinearity associated with induced excited-state absorption is exploited to furnish phase conjugation with threshold behavior and potential motion sensitivity. Population pulsations are reported at high intensities.