Construction cost assessment during bid preparation is the most tedious and responsible stage. Evaluators have to take into account a multitude of various factors affecting construction cost. They include the following in case of the conventional construction pattern: the chosen methods and technologies of facility construction; options of construction provision with machinery and mechanisms, l...

Traditional software engineering techniques have introduced damaging gaps between successive activities of software development. The Eiffel method, with its emphasis on full lifecycle coverage and its reliance on the central technique of Design by Contract as a unifying theme for all software activities, provides an integrated approach to activities of analysis, design, implementation and maint...

This paper presents Java language from an object-oriented software construction perspective. It explains the implications of banning generics and multiple inheritance of classes, and explores the patterns and the idioms used by the Java designers and programmers to redeem their benefits. The paper also discusses an alternative to multiple inheritance, as incorporated in Lava, which extends Java...

Research in the origins and evolution of language has now reached a level where languages with grammatical structures are emerging in computer simulations and robotic experiments based on situated embodied language games played by populations of agents. This paper focuses on some of the technical AI issues related to this research. Specifically, we report on a system for planning complex meanin...

This paper presents a Logic Programming approach to parsing and production in Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) [13]. It builds on previous work on the formalisation of FCG in terms of First Order Logic (FOL) concepts, more specifically on the definition of its core inference operations, unification and merge, in terms of FOL unification and search in the space of a particular set of FOL terms c...

This chapter has two objectives. It discusses a design pattern for phrasal constructions and introduces the templates that can be used to instantiate this pattern in Fluid Construction Grammar, using as illustration nominal phrases such as “the green mouse” or “this mouse of mine”. Phrasal constructions not only build phrases but also combine the meanings contributed by their constituents and p...

Meyer’s decades of work in understanding object-oriented programming patterns are reflected in his popular book, Object-Oriented Software Construction (Prentice Hall, 1988). He also cowrote the first formal software engineering paper in 1977 on the concept of Z notation (often called Zed). To watch a video of our conversation, visit www.computer. org/computingconversations. way to develop softw...

The utilization of many industrial byproducts in the construction industry is now well-developed as it helps in improving the sustainability in two ways. First, reuse of the materials which otherwise will burden the environment and will be occupying scarce land resource. Second, it minimizes the degradation of land and the environment as a result of comparatively less digging. Quantities of was...

We provide a general algorithmic schema for translation rule extraction and show that several popular extraction methods (including phrase pair extraction, hierarchical phrase pair extraction, and GHKM extraction) can be viewed as specific instances of this schema. This work is primarily intended as a survey of the dominant extraction paradigms, in which we make explicit the close relationship ...

We present a freely available corpus containing source language texts from different domains along with their automatically generated translations into several distinct morphologically rich languages, their post-edited versions, and error annotations of the performed post-edit operations. We believe that the corpus will be useful for many different applications. The main advantage of the approa...