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We propose a new type of saliency as inspired by findings from visual search studies the searching difficulty is correlated with the target-distractor contrast, the distractor homogeneity, as well as the target uniqueness. By putting an image pixel as the target and the surrounding pixels as distractors, a search guided saliency model is designed in accordance with these findings. In particular...

Prior research has shown that people can use the cooccurrence statistics of words and referents in ambiguous situations to learn word meanings during a brief training period. The present studies investigate the effects of allowing some words and referents to appear more often than others, as is true in real learning environments. More frequent wordreferent pairs are often—but not always—learned...

This tutorial introduces a principled approach to the evaluation of MT systems in their context of use. A method for defining contextual evaluation plans will be described, along with an interactive tool supporting the definition of such plans. This tutorial provides the audience with knowledge and tools for MT evaluation, which will enable them to better justify their choices of particular MT ...

In this study, we tested the online comprehension of antonyms in 39 Italian patients with paranoid schizophrenia and in an equal number of pairwise-matched healthy controls. Patients were rather accurate in identifying antonyms, but compared to controls, they showed longer response times and higher priming scores, suggesting an exaggerated contextual facilitation. Presumably, this reflects a de...

In searching for hidden objects, infants younger than 12 months frequently commit the classic “A-not-B error,” in which they successfully search for an object in one location (A) and then fail to search for it when it is conspicuously hidden in a new location (B). The question is why they fail to make the switch and perseverate at the first location. While these errors have often been attribute...

We study sequential decision making in environments where rewards are only partially observed, but can be modeled as a function of observed contexts and the chosen action by the decision maker. This setting, known as contextual bandits, encompasses a wide variety of applications such as health care, content recommendation and Internet advertising. A central task is evaluation of a new policy gi...

The design time specification of dynamic processes can be time-consuming and error-prone, due to the high number of tasks involved and their context-dependent nature. Such processes frequently suffer from potential interference among their constituents, since resources are usually shared by the process participants and it is difficult to foresee all the potential tasks interactions in advance. ...

Forgetting is frustrating, usually because it is unintended. Other times, one may purposely attempt to forget an event. A global theory of recognition and free recall that explains both types of forgetting and remembering from multiple list experiments is presented. The critical assumption of the model is that both intentional and unintentional forgetting are often due to contextual interferenc...

This study addressed geographical uniqueness in relation to elite coaching. The study explores the complexities associated to coaching in northern Canadian communities, and how unique geographical surroundings can affect coaching success. The views of fourteen National and International elite coaches from different northern Canadian communities are included within the study. The respondents wer...