Abstract Urbanization is treated in the literature as a process that occurs along with economic development. We consider an overlapping generations model two regions, designated ‘urban’ and ‘rural’. Concentration of population to urban areas involves inflows from rural areas, thereby exacerbating congestion. Inverse agglomeration economies exert negative effects on income, consequently increasi...

In smooth muscle cells enzymatically isolated from circular muscle of the esophagus (ESO) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES), ACh-induced contraction and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation were similar. Contraction and phosphorylation induced by purified MLC kinase (MLCK) were significantly greater in LES than ESO. ACh-induced contraction and MLC phosphorylation were inhibited by calmod...

Previous studies have reported that different modes of muscle contraction (i.e., eccentric or concentric contraction) with similar contraction times can affect muscle proteolytic responses. However, the effect of different contraction modes on muscle proteolytic response under the same force-time integral (FTI: contraction force × time) has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was t...

In this article, we introduce a new notion of weakly soft susc-contraction in metric spaces and prove fixed point theorem which assure the existence points for type susc-contraction. Our results generalize many recent literature.

In this paper, we consider a new type of Proinov contraction on the setting symmetrical abstract structure, more precisely, metric space. Our goal is to expand some results from literature using admissible mappings and concept E-contraction. The considered examples indicate validity obtained results.

Purpose We hypothesized that the elastic nature of the choroid leads to tissue contraction following a full-thickness, sharp incision. Furthermore, we sought to quantify, measure, and compare tissue contraction in ex vivo porcine globes and human globes of various ages using predetermined variables. Method A full-thickness, ex vivo choroidal incision was performed in either pig (n = 97) or hu...