Differential evolution algorithm requires diversified population to solve multi- modalproblems. DE supports non-distributed population. (DE) versions include differential with best selection method and species (DESBS) hierarchical fair competition modal (HFCDE). This article analyzed the efficiency of HFCDE DESBS multi-modal s’ problems. support structured. starts set feasible solution then it ...

The vehicular Adhoc Network has unique charac-teristics of frequent topology changes, traffic rule-based node movement, and speculative travel pattern. It leads to stochastic unstable nature in forming clusters. re-liable routing process load balancing are essential improve the network lifetime. Cluster formation is used split into small structures. reduced size accumulating information quickly...

BACKGROUND Recent initiatives have been introduced by the UK government into secondary schools to increase pupils' access to physical activity (PA). Despite this, not enough is known about pupils' levels of physical activity or whether the delivery of these initiatives in schools facilitates or creates a barrier for pupils' PA. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of adolescents P...

In previous papers, a simple genetic algorithm (GA) was developed for the optimization of pump operations in water-distribution networks. Its application at the water supply network of Milano showed the possibility of a great improvement of its performance in terms of both energy and economic savings. In the present paper is now investigated the possibility of using different and improved GAs t...

Estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) is an intelligent optimization algorithm based on the probability statistics theory. A fast elitism Gaussian estimation of distribution algorithm (FEGEDA) is proposed in this paper. The Gaussian probability model is used to model the solution distribution. The parameters of Gaussian come from the statistical information of the best individuals by fast ...

A new hybrid multi-objective, multivariable optimizer utilizing Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA), Non-dominated Sorting Differential Evolution (NSDE), and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm (MOPSO) has been created and tested. The optimizer features automatic switching among these algorithms to expedite the convergence of the optimal Pareto front in the objective function(s) space. The...

This paper explores the impacts of political elitism in Nigeria. is informed by our past experiences and present realities Nigerian elites that play exclusionary politics which this interrogates. It argues thesis there need for inclusive governance participation order not to turn Nigeria into a fragile state. The purpose ensure good achieved sustained. based on reason relationships between citi...

Research whose financial support is gratefully acknowledged. We are in particular indebted to Eugenio Peluso and Nicolas Gravel for helpful conversations and suggestions. We also would like to thank two anonymous referees whose comments have helped us to make our ideas more precise and to improve the paper. Needless to say, the authors bear the entire responsibility for remaining errors and def...