temperature restrictions on aqueous effluents dictate that streams with a temperature higher than the permitted level needed to pass through cooling systems to reduce the effluent temperature before discharge. in this study, by considering the grouping design rules based on pinch technology, an optimum design for a distributed effluent cooling system, has been developed. a counter-flow wet cool...

Climate change and its effects are becoming clear on a global scale either from the perspective of warming increase in rate occurrence weather events extreme magnitude. This has impacts also for sure standard building performance analysis approach, since buildings designed today supposed to withstand following decades climate that may be different than those they were for. The paper proposes si...

Climate change has a potential impact on the number of hot and torrid days in summer period. Due to occupants’ comfort needs, because high heat loads during period, several European countries, energy used for air conditioning buildings increased. With multiple environmental monitoring systems (Testo Saveris) two similar offices, having west east orientation glazing, 1920 data (internal air, mea...

Sanitation improvement is crucial in saving lives that are lost due to water contamination. Progress towards achieving full sanitation coverage is still slow in low-income informal settlements in most developing countries. Furthermore, resources are being wasted on installing facilities that are later misused or never used because they do not meet the local demand. Understanding demand for impr...

Heat gains and losses via building envelopes are impacted by varied characteristics such as geometry, orientation, properties of the materials, type construction its interface with exterior environment. Current studies investigating use phase change materials (PCMs) characterized high latent heat low thermal conductivity that may cause temperature time lag reduce amounts transferred through env...