Fetal goiter is an uncommon, serious problem during pregnancy. Careful routine antenatal ultrasound screening can find out an intrauterine fetal goiter. Fetal goiter has an incidence of 1:40000 live births (1). 80% of cases are caused by dysgenesis of the thyroid gland. The rest 5% and 15% are due to hypothalamohypophyseal abnormalities and dyshormonogenesis, respectively. 8% of cases are due t...

Toxoplasmosis is an endemic parasitic disease due to the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii. The definitive host is the cat, in which the parasite develops in the intestinal epithelium, before being eliminated as oocysts in the faeces. When oocysts, for example in contaminated soil, are ingested by humans, other mammals or birds, they pass through the stomach and excyst in the intestine; the released ...

11 McParland P, Steel SA, Pearce JMF. The clinical implications of absent or reversed end-diastolic frequencies in the umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms. EurJI Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991; 37: 15-23. 12 Fleischer A, Schulman H, Farmakides G, Bracero L, Blattner P, Randolph G. Umbilical artery velocity waveforms and intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 502-5...

11 McParland P, Steel SA, Pearce JMF. The clinical implications of absent or reversed end-diastolic frequencies in the umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms. EurJI Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991; 37: 15-23. 12 Fleischer A, Schulman H, Farmakides G, Bracero L, Blattner P, Randolph G. Umbilical artery velocity waveforms and intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 151: 502-5...

fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia-a less invasive option? J Obstet study of the antenatal management of feto-maternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Antenatal noninvasive treatment of patients at risk for alloimmune thrombocytopenia without a history of intracranial hemorrhage. Am Hung C, et al. Antepartum treatment without early cordocentesis for standard-risk alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a rand...

OBJECTIVE To provide guidelines on use of anti-D prophylaxis to optimize prevention of rhesus (Rh) alloimmunization in Canadian women. OUTCOMES Decreased incidence of Rh alloimmunization and minimized practice variation with regards to immunoprophylaxis strategies. EVIDENCE The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE were searched for English-language articles from 1968 to 2001, relating to the preven...

The purpose of prenatal diagnosis tests is insisting of diagnosis of neonatal disorders, preparing a range of informed choices and making couples at risk to be ready for having children with genetic disorders as well. The aim of this article is to investigate all of the tests in order to determine the best one which has the lowest risk and the highest sensitivity. Screening tests (maternal bloo...

About 40 years ago, invasive prenatal diagnosis techniques were introduced in obstetrics. Initially, amniocentesis was performed followed by placentacentesis, fetoscopy, fetal blood sampling (FBS), and chorionic villus sampling (CVS). These procedures, while invading the uterine environment, have made it possible to proceed with the retrieval of biological tissue of fetal origin for analysis an...

A case of reinfection with the wild rubella virus in the 8th gestational week is reported. The patient had preexisting hemagglutination inhibition antibodies of low titer following immunization with rubella vaccine. Reinfection was accompanied by clinical symptoms and the presence of rubella-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) of high titer. Following termination of pregnancy no rubella virus could...

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compressive entrapment neuropathy caused by the compression of the median nerve at the wrist space known as the carpal tunnel. The epidemiologic factors related to CTS include genetic, medical, social, vocational, and demographic factors. The common symptoms experienced include pain, paresthesia, and numbness in the median nerve distribution. If l...